
Class ^T)A-\\ 



Book N-- ' 



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GopjTight^i^. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 

DEDICATED TO THE 

FLOWER-LOVING PEOPLE 

OF AMERICA 




TWELFTH EDITION 
REVISED AND ENLARGED 



I916 

THE CONARD 6c JONES CO, 

WEST GROVE, PA. 



Copyright 1916, by The Conard b' Jones Co. 



Contents •'-^75 



The Amateur's Rose-Garden 3 

Establishing Ideals 5 

The Rose-Lover's Calendar of Operations 6 

Where to Plant Roses 9 

Preparing to Grow Roses 14 

Drainage 14 

Soils 15 

Fertilizers 16 

When to Plant 17 

Treatment on Arrival 18 

Planting , 20 

Staking the Roses 22 

Labeling 22 

Platting 24 

Mulching 25 

Protecting the Roses 26 

From Frost 26 

From Enemies 29 

Pruning 31 

How to Use This Pruning Information 34 

Own Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses 36 

Selecting the Roses 37 

Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses 41 

One Hundred and Fifty-Eight Choice Roses 43 

Roses for Various Purposes and Uses 64 

Selections for Special Sections of the United States of 

America 77 

The Pacific Northwest J. A. Currey 77 

Minneapolis and Vicinity Theodore Wirth 79 

New York and Lower New England. . . . Rev. E. M. Mills 80 

Roslyn and Northwest Long Island . . Admiral Aaron Ward 81 

Philadelphia and Vicinity Dr. Robert Huey 82 

Washington, D. C, and Points South . . Dr. W. Van Fleet 83 

The South Atlantic and Gulf States C. Wintzer 84 

Chicago and the North W. C. Egan 85 

The Increasing Regard for Roses 91 

The American Rose Society 92 

Rose Test-Gardens 93 

Municipal Rose-Gardens 95 

A Famous Rose-Garden 98 

The Red Rose Church at Manheim 100 

Rose-Beads .'..,: loi 

Attar of Roses 102 

Hybridizing 104 

Bibliography 105 

Synonymous Roses 106 

Analysis of Species 107 

Roses Arranged in Classes no 

Index / 116 

©CI.A428470 
APP -4 IQIfi 





'HIS little book is designed to help the reader 
reahze that by setting out the right plants of 
the right sort of roses this spring, cut-flowers 
may be had from these selfsame plants dur- 
ing the last days of May, with a continuity 
of bloom almost unbroken until the frosts 
of late autumn herald the approaching winter. 
Amateurs are now able to have an all-summer "feast of 
roses," as well as the skilled professional, and it is the 
amateur's rose-garden, especially, that we have had in 
mind when writing the following pages. 

A large garden is not requisite. Two or three dozen good 
plants, of the modern and greatly improved sorts, properly 
selected, will give much enjoyment; while a garden of roses 
with somewhat greater variety and extent can readily be 
made a summer-long delight. 

In spring, one can have the pleasure of building air- 
castles about the plants. When the warm days of June 
arrive, these air-castles will have taken substantial form, and 
you may go from one plant to another, giving each a little 
daily attention, contrasting one proud beauty with another 
equally queenly, and, best of all, gathering an abundance 
of lovely roses. Half an hour of such tonic-toil each day is 
a great nerve-restorer, and, what many of those who have 
tried it realize, it is also food for the soul. 

Rose-growing among amateurs in this country is yet in 
its infancy. In England, before the war, nearly everyone 
grew roses. DazzHng vistas of roses were to be seen in the 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



hedge-rows, along the country roads and lanes. Gardens 
were full of flowers, and each person seemed to be striving 
in friendly rivalry with his neighbor. Why was this extra- 
ordinary enthusiasm for the rose? Because it is without a 
peer among all the flowering plants. It presents nearly every 
floral shade, in combinations far more attractive than 
exotic orchids, and, above all, its delicious fragrance gives 
us the enjoyment of another sense — the crowning feature, 
in which no other flower can compete with it. 

Since history was first written the rose has been asso- 
ciated with the most important events in the life of man. 
For centuries it has been fully recognized as the Queen 
of Flowers, honored alike by poet and king. Yet such vari- 
eties as Ophelia, Sunburst, and Frau Karl Druschki, the 
ancients never knew! Why, then, should not you and 
yours share in the pleasures of the twentieth-century roses, 
to your own enjoyment and to the advantage of those around 
you? Just a little garden of these modern well-bred roses; 
just a little daily, loving care; just a little cost; and the 
result to you and your neighbors will be the glory of the 
Queen of Flowers. 




The Glory of the Queen of Flowers 



AND HOW TO ARRANGE THEM 5 

Establishing Ideals 

First consider what kind of rose-garden you will plan. 
Roses seem to enjoy being arranged in countless ways. Will 
the first show of bloom to burst into view, as one approaches 
your home, be on your pergola, or arbor, or rose-covered 
summer-house? If none of these furnishes appropriate 
setting, probably your banks or fences will be clothed or 
beautified. A variety of types, shown on the following pages, 
is available, and choosing from these will become a delight. 

Perhaps your fancy may picture prosperous beds, abound- 
ing in a wealth of bloom, to be seen across a sweep of level 
lawn, or from your favorite room in the house, or even hidden 
beyond the curve in your garden-walk. 

The formal rose-garden, too, is important, especially 
on the larger place. There are excellent reasons why the 
rose-garden should have a domain all its own. These 
fastidious creatures that so well repay your thoughtful care 
may well be grouped and with greater resulting effectiveness. 
In no other case, perhaps, does careful planning pay so well as 
in the formal garden. 

In these brief suggestions of rose-garden possibilities let 
us recall vividly the value of the rose in the landscape. Here 
again a knowledge of varieties is important. Landscape 
architects are recognizing more and more the noteworthy 
species which are valuable in mass-plantings for showy effects, 
for retaining embankments, for bordering driveways, or 
even for certain types of hedges. 

Or you may wish most for a garden of roses from which 
to cut bouquets, so that "the Glory of the Garden" may be 
reflected in your home. "Good taste" will suggest the right 
roses— one for this vase, a bunch for that bowl, a spray for 
the guest-room, still others for the hallway or the dining- 
room table, then surely some for boutonnieres, and at times 
for "state occasions." Surely anyone who has experienced the 
exquisite thrill welling up in the soul from the presence of 
choice roses well arranged will be eager to develop the skill 
needed to make the best use of Nature's garden-gifts. 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



The Rose-Lover's Calendar 
of Operations 

These dates will be found relatively correct for the aver- 
age season in the latitude of Philadelphia. If you Hve north 
or south, make the usual allowance of about four days for 
every lOO miles of latitude. Comparative altitude must also 
be taken into consideration. The seasons vary; for example, 
the ground may be in good condition and ready for digging 
as much as three weeks earher one year than it will be the 
following spring. 

March i^. — Such hardy roses as are already planted should 
now be pruned. 

March 2^ to 50. — As soon as the ground can be well worked, plant 
new hardy roses which are to be had dormant. Prune these even more 
closely than older established bushes. 

April 10. — Less hardy roses, including the Everblooming class, 
should be pruned. Begin to remove the winter protection as the increas- 
ing heat of the sun permits. 

April 15. — Roses are not immune from mildew and other fungoid 
contagious diseases; therefore it pays at this time to spray with bordeaux 
mixture all your rose plants as well as nearby fruit trees and grape-vines. 

April 25 to 30. — Finish uncovering and pruning your roses. Plant 
new ones (now or until the middle of May). A slight shading of these 
from the sun will prove an advantage. 

May I to 10. — As soon as plants are well set with foliage, a spraying 
with rose nicotine or sulpho- tobacco soap will act as a preventive 
against aphides (green fly). 

May 20. — As soon as buds begin to swell, weak manure-water may 
be applied to the plants. Spray again to kill off" the aphides, otherwise 
they will multiply with amazing speed. 

May 2^. — Now starts the season's procession of bloom, led by the 
sturdy Rugosas and the Yellow Briar roses. Start feeding the Hybrid 
Perpetual roses with liquid manure. 

June I. — With this month we see the true glory of the "Feast of 
Roses." 

June §. — -Watch for the rose beetle and rose slug, and spray every 
ten days for three weeks with a half pound of arsenate of lead to ten 
gallons of water. 

June 10. — Begin to nourish the Teas and Hybrid Teas with liquid 
manure. (Page 17.) You'll soon see the result, 

June 20 to 30. — Now the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Climbers begin 
blooming in abundance. Cut your blossoms freely. Look out for mildew 
and apply the remedy. 

July I. — Keep the soil well stirred. A dust mulch at this season is 
important. 



CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 



July 4. — Gather all the flowers you can; it is not best for the plants 
to have them die on the bushes. You should now be reaping a full har- 
vest from the Teas, Hybrid Teas, etc. 

July 10. — From now till autumn keep a sharp lookout for signs of 
fungoid troubles — such as (i) mildew, (2) black spot, or (3) yellow 
leaf, and apply bordeaux mixture. If any aphides appear, use rose 
nicotine. 

July 75.— Thin out the old canes and trim back all multifloras and 
other climbers noted under chapter on pruning. 

July 20. — Now or earlier mulch your roses with grass-cuttings, 
old manure, leaves, sawdust, or peat-moss. 

August 30. — 'Teas and Hybrid Teas bring forth their "Fall Flower 
Show." As soon as the buds form, remember that Bon Arbbr or manure- 
water applied to the roots will help them to produce the blossoms you'll 
be proud of. 

September 10. — Some Hybrid Perpetuals bloom a second time. 

October i^. — Make ready your new beds for next year. 

November 15. — After the first frost, begin covering the stems of your 
roses, pages 2-6, and, soon after this, complete the protecting of the 
more tender kinds. 

Thanksgiving Day. — As soon as the ground has frozen, all should 
be safely nestled in their winter beds. 

WHEN YOUR ROSES ARE UNDER THE SNOW 

Decem&er.— Read Dean Hole's "The Book of Roses." (See Bib- 
liography, page 105.) 

January. — Send for the catalogs of a few reliable rose-growers. 
February. — Order your new "Made in America" roses. 




This shows how "York and Lancaster" may be used (page 62) 




"Just a little garden of these modern well-bred roses; Just a little 
daily, loving care ; just a little cost; and the result to you and your 
neighbors is the glory of the Queen of Flowers." 



CHOOSING THE LOCATION 



Where to Plant Roses 

Several available spaces for the rose-bed are usually to be 
found on the average home-grounds. The author has had 
the good fortune to visit a number of rose-gardens that are 
famous — and others that deserve to be — and this may be 
said of nearly all: that they lay on the genial, sunny side of a 
generous group of trees or copse, but were open to the gentler 
breezes, and were not shut in or shaded. 

When buying a new property, the selection of the 
most suitable spot upon it for the house is scarcely more 
important than the selection of a site for your rose-garden. 
You will choose a sunny room, if possible, for the indoor 
nursery, where "the httle fairies" in your home may romp 
and play on a wintry day; and so, too, will you wish to provide 
for the happiness and well-being of your rose-children, because 
only a few of them are prairie-born. Only a small section of 
this large family has been reared to bear the rigors of gusty, 
sweeping or whipping winds at any time of year, and from 
such, for the best results, they must be protected. It is not 
only the severe, cold winds of winter, or the raw, cutting 
swish of spring, but the hot, withering winds of summer, too, 
that may ruin the opening buds and spoil the almost ripe 
fruits of your labor. 

Choose a place, therefore, or establish one, protected 
either by trees, a hedge, a wall, a building, or by some other 
windbreak. Even a hedge of roses, or cHmbers, upon a 
substantial trelHs will avail, although a more dense screen is 
more effective. Choose, too, a place where tiie sun will shine 
for not less than one-half of the day, preferably the morning. 
By this you will see that a space opening away to the south 
or southeast is to be preferred. We have noted equally suc- 
cessful rose-gardens entirely surrounded by hedges. 

Avoid the too close shade of trees, or the proximity of 
tree-roots; they are ravenous robbers. If the roots can pos- 
sibly reach over to your rose-beds, they will do it and steal 
away the nourishment you have provided. Therefore, either 
keep entirely away from them or, if you must dig your bed 



10 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



near them, put in a partition on the tree side to keep back 
the roots. Boards will do for a time; a concrete wall, about 
4 inches thick, will last longer. 

Another point to remember is that "roses do not like 
wet feet." They seem to resent the ignominy of being sub- 
jected to standing in undrained ground. Avoid very low 
ground for this reason, and also because it is more subject 
to early or late frost, and has greater tendency to mildew. 

Try to combine in your choice as many of these condi- 
tions as possible, because, while no point is absolute, all are 
important. Don't stop or give up for the lack of some one 
of them. Be earnest about it, and you will soon provide the 
essentials. Mr. Chapman, the ornithologist, asked ex- 
President Roosevelt how he continually accomplished so 
much. Mr. Roosevelt answered that this had been his motto: 

"Do what you can, with what you have, 
where you are.'* 

That motto will prove most useful for the rose-grower. 
It lacks, however, one essential, which has been expressed 
by no other so fittingly, in our estimation, as by Dean Hole: 
**He who would have beautiful roses in his garden must 
have beautiful roses in his heart. He must love them well 
and always. He must have not only the glowing admiration. 




This is Gardenia, running in revelry over the garden-wall 



MAKE A PICTURE OF YOUR LAWN 



the enthusiasm 
and the passion, 
but the ten- 
derness, the 
thoughtfulness, 
the reverence, 
the watchfulness 
of love." The 
rosarian of be- 
loved memory 
understood the 
secret. And 
would that we 




Let climbing roses frame your garden pictures 



Americans had 

more, hke him, to spread the love for beautiful roses, as 
well as for the wholesome pastime of planting and caring for 
the Queen of Flowers. 

''Make a picture of your lawn." This is the first principle 
of landscape-gardening. Leave open the center spaces and 
plant about and along the edges. Allow this rule to guide 
you, then select places for your roses where they will do 
best and give you the most pleasure. 

Some varieties, as for example the Rugosas and the^rose 
species," serve a very useful purpose when planted among the 
shrubbery. Many other uses, too, are described on pages 64 
to 76. The bush roses, however, including the Teas, Hybrid 
Teas, and Hybrid Perpetuals, will prove most satisfying if 
segregated and not mixed too much with other plants. 

The location will help to decide the shape of your bed, 
and it is mainly a matter of taste as to whether it shall be 
straight, curved, oblong, round, or square. The essential 
point to remember is this: You will want to get within arm's 
reach of every rose in your bed, many times in a year, without 
stepping on the bed. Not over 5 feet in width and preferably 
4]/2 feet, therefore, is a good rule to follow. 

Arrange the roses 18 inches apart each way, unless they 
are very vigorous growers, in which case allow 2 feet 
for spread. In warm countries, where the growth is most 



SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE BEDS 



13 














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$ 


<5 



















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-l8I«--®-fr 








8M om 


l^oyvG 





luxuriant, and for the big bushy sorts, even more room will 
be required. Again, there is the other extreme as, for example, 
in making a border or edging of Polyantha roses, a fine 
continuous effect may be had 
by spacing them in the row 
at only 12 inches apart. 
This diagram shows a bed 

3 feet wide for two rows. A 
bed this width, **staggered," 
will require twelve roses to every 9 feet, twenty-four roses 
if 18 feet long, and larger beds in the same proportion. 

The young garden in the picture below is well done. 
Note the avenue effect produced by the double row of 
Standard or Tree roses on either side of the walk, set from 

4 to 10 feet apart. They remind one of the beautiful rose- 
gardens in England. Up the wall on either side cHmbing 
roses have been started. The front bed on the left in the 
picture is 4^ feet square, and contains nine roses. The 
front bed on the right, if 4}^ feet wide by 6 feet long, would 
contain twelve roses. The rear bed on the right of the walk 
is 4>^ feet wide by 13 feet long, and contains twenty- four 
roses; and the long bed in the rear on the left, if 4^ feet wide 
by 20 feet long, would contain thirty-six roses. 




The for.nal garden is incomplete without roses 



14 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

Preparing to Grow Roses 

Having chosen the location and decided upon the size 
and shape of your beds, you are next ready to prepare the soil. 
Rev. F. Page Roberts, an ex-president of the National 
Rose Society of England, has said: ''After years of rose-grow- 
ing in places far apart, I think it is not so much the soil and 
the cHmate, as the care and skill of the cultivator that wins 
success." 

A very successful grower of roses in New York State once 
remarked to a meeting of his rose society: *'I would rather 
plant a 15-cent rose in a 50-cent hole than plant a 50-cent 
rose in a 15-cent hole." He was wise. The author recalls 
visiting a successful private rose-garden in New England one 
day when the roses in one bed were being moved. Those 
roses had well-developed roots 3 feet long, because the 
bed in which they were growing had been prepared to that 
depth, and the top-growth and bloom had been luxuriantly 
magnificent, testifying to the value of deep and thorough 
soil-preparation. 

Drainage 

One thing, however, must be provided, if you are to court 
success, that is ample drainage. **Wet feet" for roses are no 
more conducive to health and happiness than for children. 
Examine your soil; if there seems a need, provide drainage, 
and remove the soil from your bed to the very bottom. Place 
there a layer from 4 to 6 inches deep of stones not larger than 
your fist, broken bricks, cHnkers, or other suitable material 

that will readily "take" 
the water from above. 
The soil is seldom so 
retentive as to require 
tiling to take the water 
away and, indeed, nine 
times out of ten no arti- 
T ^ ,M , • . T ficial drainage at all will 

Layers ot stones like this are not essential , 4 ^ 

if the ground is naturally well drained be neeuecl. 




PREPARING THE BEDS 15 



Soils 

The good loam so often found directly beneath the sod is 
excellent, but is greatly improved by being broken, even 
pulverized, to a depth of at least two spades and thoroughly 
mixed with about one-third its bulk of rotted manure. 
Fresh manure must never be allowed to touch the rose- roots. 
Indeed, the more thorough-going way is to make sure of the 
nether layer of soil by removing the upper one. First of all, 
peel off the sod (it will produce excellent compost, see 
section on 'TertiUzers"); next take out the top layer of soil 
to the depth of i foot and pile it nearby. If the soil below 
that is good, rich loam, or a fair mixture of clay and loam, it 
may remain. Loosen this with a garden fork to a depth of 
another foot, preferably not upturning it, and mix with it 
well-decomposed manure, and then put back the top layer of 
loam in which to plant your roses. 

If, on the other hand, you find the subsoil poor, barren, and 
unproductive, you may have to remove it altogether. Haul 
it away, and put your chopped-up sods in the bottom, grass- 
side down, to rot and make future plant- food. If you have 
ready from the previous year a compost made by mixing one- 
half or two-thirds of sod, with the balance of manure from 
the cow-stables, use it in the bottom of your bed, and make 
a future storehouse of rich nourishment for your roses. 

Another hint: A few broken bones may be mixed with 
the soil in the bottom of the trench, say a peck for a bed 
holding a dozen roses. These will decay slowly, and furnish 
plant-food for three or four years to come. 

Not all roses like the same soils. The Hybrid Perpetuals, 
for example, love a heavy clay or loam. So do the heavier- 
growing chmbers; whereas the Teas, Hybrid Teas, Bourbons 
and the Hke, revel in a lighter soil and a warmer one, with less 
than 50 per cent clay or loam, and more sand or leaf-mold. 
Rugosas thrive even in quite sandy soil. 

**It is difficult to give the roses too rich soil." If your soil 
is light and sandy, and you cannot well replace it entirely, it 
may be greatly improved by mixing a Httle clay or rich loam 



i6 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

with it when trenching. If your soil seems too heavy, it can 
be made lighter and more open by adding sand, or even coal- 
ashes. To be good for roses, the soil must be such as will not 
quickly transmit to the roots sudden surface changes of 
temperature. The roots should be kept cool. If it be pos- 
sible after the soil in your bed has been prepared, give it 
time, say two or three months, to settle before planting your 
roses. If this be out of the question, press with your feet 
each layer of soil in your bed, as you proceed to fill it in. 

Fertilizers 

While manure from the cow-stable is best, you can draw 
upon the horse-stable, sheep-pens, or pig-sty with expectation 
of good results, and "night soil," mixed with dry soil, or 
sand, and well composted is excellent. Well-rotted leaves are 
fair, but too light except for heavy soils. Commercial fer- 
tihzers, such as ground bone or guano, may be used with 
advantage if handled with discretion. A rule to remember is 
never to let any "green" or "raw" manure come close to the 
roots of your roses, but see that it is buried well beneath the 
root reach, or apphed as a top-dressing. After your roses 
have been planted, the best time to apply manures is just 
as the ground begins to freeze in the autumn. Let it serve as 
a protection over winter, and dig it in next spring, being care- 
ful, however, not to disturb the roots. 

Far better than surface-coating is the ample supply of 
fertihzer placed well under the roots in the bottom of your 
beds, before you plant your roses, because roots travel 
toward their food-supply. By thus enticing them downward, 
you develop a strong, deep root-growth down into the 
reservoir of stored-up food and moisture, so that, when dry 
weather comes, they will not hunger and thirst, as they would 
with only surface roots. Surface appHcation of manure- water 
is quite a different matter, as that will percolate down to the 
deepest roots. 

It is said that roses draw most upon the soil when bloom- 
ing, and we find you can almost see the results from applica- 
tion (when the flower-buds begin swelling) of liquid manure. 



THE PROPER FOOD FOR ROSES 17 




Nearly every child is fond of flowers 

concocted by catching the drain from the manure-pile, or 
one-third of a bushel of manure in a bag and soaked in a 
barrel of water. Apply this as a weak tea, not too strong, but 
frequently, say twice a week. When it is more convenient, 
a sprinkhng of bone-dust on the surface before a rain will 
answer the same purpose. Even with the best care, it may 
prove necessary in some locations, say after six or eight years, 
to renew the roses or move the bed, adopting the farmer's 
principle of rotation of crops. 

When to Plant 

Tell us where you would grow roses, and we will tell you 

when to plant them. The most carefully laid down dates for 

New York State are "null and void" in New Orleans. Proper 

planting-time in the same state may vary according to differ- 



i8 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




ences in altitude and latitude. Where the winters are not too 
severe, as in our Gulf and Pacific Coast States, and the 

next tier of states north, 
autumn-planting is to 
be preferred. 

North of the line of 
the Ohio River, only 
our hardier varieties, 
such, for example, as the 
Hardy CHmbers and 
Hybrid Perpetuals, Ru- 
gosas, Moss and Pernet- 
ianas, will withstand the first winter out, if autumn-planted. 
As a matter of general practice, there are, doubtless, 
ten times as many roses planted in spring as in autumn. 
For the latitude of Philadelphia, dormant roses should be 
planted as soon in spring as the soil is dry enough to 
crumble in the hand, and plantings may continue till mid- 
April. Growing roses from pots should not be set out until 
danger from frost is past, usually the last week in April. If 
you live north of 40 degrees latitude, defer planting from this 
date by one week for every hundred miles. Do not attempt 
any planting operations with the ground frozen, or the ther- 
mometer below 45 degrees Fahr. Roses from pots, when 
shipped with soil on the roots, may be planted at any time 
through the growing season, even through the summer. 

Treatment on Arrival 

Think of your roses as living creatures, even though they 
be asleep (dormant) when you first get them. Unwrap them 
with the greatest care; never expose the roots to the drying 
action of the spring winds for a moment. A plant with bare 
roots exposed to the dry air is Hke a fish out of water. Untie 
the bundles so as not to break, bark or bruise either root or 
branch. Should the plants, through delay in transit, come 
dried out, as occasionally happens, soak the balls of earth 
and roots in water; if the stems also have dried out, bury 
the whole plant in damp earth for three or four days till the 



TREATMENT ON ARRIVAL 



19 




When this little girl grows up and has a garden of her own, she too 
will know how to grow fine roses. 



shriveled branches regain their natural plumpness. If you 
cannot plant the roses when they arrive, '*heel them in" in 
the garden until you are ready to plant them. This is done 
by digging a trench deep enough thoroughly to cover all 
roots and even lower branches of each bundle of roses. It 
will be better to untie the bundles so that the roots can be 
more thoroughly covered. Press down this soil-cover firmly. 



20 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Planting 

When ready to plant, remember again that roots must be 
kept from the wind. Spring winds are so drying that fatal 
damage may occur from a few minutes of exposure. The 
best plan, when planting, is to keep the roots covered with a 
damp piece of burlap, or of other packing-material. 

Next make the holes in the bed, which should have been 
prepared as shown on page 15, and make them large enough 
to accommodate the roots in a natural and uncramped posi- 
tion, neither too deep nor too shallow (see illustration). Do 
not spread the roots out flat, but point them down, slanting 
outward. Use care to keep the roots from direct contact 
with the manure, lest the roses get indigestion. It is a good 
plan to dip the roots, before planting, in a thin mud made 
by mixing loam or clay with water. Settle well-pulverized 
soil in around the roots, so as to fill up every air-space, and 
so that every single root shall be entirely encased in soil. 
When the hole is half-filled, and roots covered, press the 
soil down firmly with the hands; then fill the hole with water, 
and let it drain away; fill in level with soil, and tamp it care- 
fully but securely; then give a final covering of soil, which 
should be about level with the surrounding turf, but not 
high enough to let the water run away when it rains. Also 
protect from the bright sunshine for a few days. 




Too deep 



Too shallow, and 
set wrong 



Just right 



Right, and banked 
for winter 




For splendor, beauty and impressiveness the red Rose stands 
preeminent, and among the Hybrid Perpetuals the J. B. CLARK, 
shown above, is a variety with real merit. 

Among the more recent introductions in this class should also 
be mentioned Hugh Dickson, Barbarossa, George Dickson and 
Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau. 

Can you imagine any flower more exquisitely appropriate, either 
worn singly or in display for the most important occasions, than a 
freshly opened bloom like the above? 

Important celebrations and state occasions are coming more and 
more to depend upon the Rose for its decorative value, satisfying 
the mind and heart, as well as the eyes, of all observers. 



22 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

Staking the Roses 

Standard or Tree roses, unless extraordinarily sturdy and 
planted where they are protected from the winds, will be the 
better for staking. The stake should come well up to the 
head of the roses. Place it while planting, for if it is driven 
later it may injure an important root. Bush roses seldom 
need staking when planted, although this is a matter for atten- 
tion according to the needs of individual varieties. Plants 
should never be permitted to sway about or become loose at 
the collar. If the sun be warm within the next day or two 
after you plant, the bush will be the better for being shaded, 
as well as for mulch about the roots. 

Labeling 

Rose-growing with labels is by far the most delightful 
kind. You lose half the pleasure if you lose the names, to 
say nothing about the satisfaction of accumulating infor- 
mation. The importance of labeling is really great. Do it 
when you plant as a part of the operation; otherwise, it is 
likely to be overlooked. The growers' labels are not likely to 
last more than one season, and then it becomes dreadfully 
embarrassing not to know what to call your plant-children, 
whether you want to scold or caress them. Choose the label 
with fewest faults. 

Copper Labels 

These are made of light sheet copper, eyeleted and 
r\ wired ready to use as soon as the name of the plant 



IrL 



is inscribed. The copper labels are very light, and 
are therefore most suitable for hanging on the 
branches of your roses in a conspicuous place, not 
to be disturbed until you begin your pruning. 
Then, if necessary, remove them to some other part 
of the plant not in danger from your shears. But 
any type of label that must be wired on the bush 
may constrict and check the life of the stem or 
branch on which it hangs. Therefore, a better way 



LABELING 23 




to use these copper labels is to suspend them on 
a stout wire stake alongside the plant, so that no 
removing will be necessary unless the rose is being 
transplanted to some other part of your garden, 
when, of course, the label should go along with it. This 
shape of label is now available in celluloid faced with 
perfectly transparent mica. See right-hand cut at bot- 
tom of page 22. 

Stake Labels 

Many of the stake labels are good, but if low are 
apt to become spattered with mud. 

The garden clubs are often good guides in such 
matters. The Lake Forest Club members prefer this one 
It cannot damage the plant or be in the way when 
pruning. It is high enough above ground to escape the mud- 
splash and likewise may be read without stooping. Another 
commendable quality, is its unobtrusiveness. We call it the 
"garden-club label." It is a sheet-metal tag suspended from 
the goose-neck top of a No. 9 galvanized iron wire 15 
inches long, to be placed upright in the ground. The plant- 
name may be written on it with an ordinary steel pen, using 
indelible ink made by dissolving a copper cent in sulphuric 
acid diluted with five parts of water. Or, if preferred, paint 



^W' 



the label and stake green and the letters in white. 

Wr jjj^ j\^a^y^ Plant-Label 

Another zinc label that has proved most satisfac- 
tory for labeling hardy climbing roses and shrubs is 
the Mann plant-label. The accompanying illustration 
shows how this label is made, and the head for the 
writing is bent at the proper angle so the legend can be 
read easily. The stem is shaped so it takes firm hold 
of the soil, will not heave by action of frost, or rot as 
wooden labels will, nor is it easily dislodged by rakes 
or animals. If accidentally stepped on, it will bend 
M/ but not break. Writing is permanent (see formula 



24 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

for ink, page 23) so that names and dates are not lost by 
rust or peeling, as on iron labels; and, if by chance the name 
has to be erased, this can be done with emery cloth. Only 
one size is made, viz., 9^2 inches in length, by 3^ inches in 
width at the top. 

The Simplex Label 

The Simplex labels have recently been greatly improved. 
You should know them. Placed securely on the top of a 
suitable metal stake, 16 inches long, is a i^-by 23/^-inch metal 
frame, with sohd back, tilted at an angle of about 45 
degrees, whose legend is easily read and weather- 
proof. In this frame is a slightly roughened celluloid 
card on which to write the name, date, etc., with a pencil, 
and over this, for protection, is shpped in a clear smooth 
piece of mica. They are too new to have been tried 
thoroughly, but we predict wide use for them. They are 
painted neutral green, and in every respect seem, to the 
writer, calculated to meet the tastes and requirements 
of the most exacting. The objection which some people 
have for labels is that they are so unsightly and spoil 
the appearance of the rose-beds, but the wire-staked 
green ones are most unobtrusive. The most eHte ro£e- 
labels we have ever found were those used by M. Graver- 
eaux, where, on top of metal stakes were screwed flat, oval 
name-plates of porcelain, with the names burned in. 

Platting 

But the "best laid" labels sometimes go wrong, and in 
some unexplainable fashion do get lost; therefore, to be 
entirely protected, you can take out label insurance. Some 
people think this is more important than labehng. Draw a 
diagram of your bed, and then with letters or numbers 
indicate on it the location of each rose. With this make out 
and keep a key-Hst of roses lettered or numbered to corre- 
spond with those on the diagram. We venture to predict 
that such a Hst will prove its value before the end of the 
second year. 



CONSERVING THE MOISTURE 



25 



Mulching 

There is a double object in this: First, to retain the mois- 
ture; and, second, better to preserve a suitable temperature 
in the soil. What is called a "dust-mulch," maintained by 
frequent hoeing, is, perhaps, the best method, although, 
where the summers are warm, a covering in early July of 
long * 'strawy" cow- or horse-stable manure that will not 
heat, will accomphsh the same object. The illustrious ama- 
teur rose-grower, George C. Thomas, Jr., of Chestnut Hill, 
Philadelphia, Pa., keeps the surface of the soil in his beds 
about 2 or 4 inches below the boundary turf, and then he 
fills the beds level full with peat-moss, which acts not only 
as a mulch, but effectually stops weed-growth. This we look 
upon as even better than a manure-mulch, because the 
latter may encourage root-growth nearer the surface than 
is desirable. We have also tried sawdust for covering the 
beds in summer. It certainly prevented need for weeding 
and otherwise seemed beneficial. 




here everyone may enjoy them 



26 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



1 




::s^ 


^^^^ 






. ^^^S&^ 


J^S^ 


^ A jHH^^^BiilS^Hi^B^^ 



Roses in the outdoor living-room 



Protecting the Roses 

From Frost 

W. C. Egan, the eminent horticulturist of northern 
ininois, succeeds admirably in keeping his roses over winter, 
as also does Mr. Orpet, Superintendent for Mr. McCormick; 
and yet, north of Chicago, where they hve, the severe 
winters and the cold winds blowing over Lake Michigan, 
often kill the Wichuraianas and Rambler roses to within a foot 
of the ground, when not protected. An eminent judge, Hving 
north of Detroit, by the work of his own hands, protects his 
Hybrid Teas so that they triumphantly weather zero winters. 
On the famous shore- front at Newport, Rhode Island, we 
found the tender Gloire de Dijon rose, which we had sup- 
posed could not be grown north of Washington, D. C, green 
and thrifty to the second story, after a most severe winter 
season. But the protection had been very thorough. 



WINTER - PROTECTION 27 

Obviously, there is no danger where there is no frost. 
Where the thermometer falls below freezing, the less hardy 
varieties should be partly covered, and all roses will be the 
better for some protection, at least about the roots. If you 
are visited with zero weather, let ''preparedness" be your 
rule. To begin with, bank up the soil cone-shaped, with the 
apex 6 to 10 inches high around the stem of each bush. 
Ashes are sometimes used, but nothing we know of is better 
than soil. In very cold countries, the roses may be lifted 
entirely and buried in trenches for the winter, and they will 
come out in fine shape for replanting in spring. After you 
have drawn the soil nicely around them (see calendar), leave 
them alone till the ground is frozen with a crust hard enough 
to bear the weight of a stone-laden wheel-barrow. By this 
time the moles or mice, or other creatures, will have secured 
their winter abode elsewhere, and not be tempted to make 
nests in the protecting material you will next apply. Now 
do not smother your roses, or they may die. Cover them 
thoroughly, as high up as you attempt to protect them, but 
always allow for the circulation of air. A 3- or 4-inch 
blanket of good, heavy stable-manure will keep out much 
cold. Over this fill up from the bottom of the bed to a depth 
of 10 or 12 inches with nice, dry leaves, and with some light 
material on top to keep them in place. A 12-inch fence 
of poultry-wire staked round the bed will help keep the 
leaves in place. The boughs of fir or pine trees, hay, straw, or 
cornfodder, or other material that will break the force of 
cold, biting winds, will serve in place of leaves, and where 
most careful protection is required, boards may be arranged 
roof-fashioned to turn off the rains. This will also protect 
your roses from exposure to direct sunshine when nights are 
freezing-cold, and avoid alternate thawing and freezing, 
which is dangerous, and in early spring prevent the premature 
excitation of plant-growth and tender buds. For this reason, 
too, remove protection in spring gradually, and not all at 
one time (see calendar). 

A method that has proved successful in one of the coldest 
sections of the United States is thus vividly described: 



28 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Minneapolis Municipal Rose-garden 



". . . Our principal problem would be to provide proper 
winter-protection. We took special pains to ripen the wood. 
We stopped watering and cultivation in September, and dis- 
couraged late growth. The last week in October we gave the 
beds a very thorough soaking, and a few days after we tied 
the shoots close together, and piled the soil around the plants 
as high as we could with material taken from between the 
plants, so covering from four to six of the lower eyes. The 
garden was then left in this condition until there were 3 
or 4 inches of frost in the ground. We then filled in with 
dry leaves, gathered from the nearby woods. The leaves were 
thrown in loose and not packed down, and covered the beds to 
the height of the soil heaped around the plant. We then 
boarded in the long sides of the beds 2 feet high, and boarded 
over the top of the bed, but left the two ends open. Over 
this board cover we spread a layer of bedding, straw and hay. 



PROTECTING THE ROSES 29 

"It will be seen by the method of winter-protection herein 
described that our aim was to prevent, if possible, thawing 
after frost had set in; to protect the plants from the drying 
effects of the strong winds, without preventing the free cir- 
culation of air. We have employed the same method of pro- 
tection ever since, and generally we have been successful in 
bringing the plants through winter in very good condition.'* 
(Article, 'The Minneapohs Municipal Rose-garden in 
Lyndale Park," by Theodore Wirth, in "The American Rose 
Annual," 191 6, pages 79, 80.) 

Protecting Tree roses over winter is most important. 
Set up a box about 2 feet square, and high enough from 
the ground to encase the head, and fill this with soil to cover 
all but the topmost branches. No part needs protection 
more than the point where stock and branches join. Another 
method is to loosen the earth on two sides of the plants 
so they may easily be bent over without breaking anything 
and then, when staked to the ground, cover with 6, 8 or more 
inches of earth till danger of frost is past in spring, when 
they may again be reinstated and restaked. In some loca- 
tions it may prove quite as convenient, and equally effec- 
tive, to take up the plants entire, and bury them in a trench 
in the vegetable garden. 

Protecting Roses from Enemies 

Eternal vigilance is the price of perfect flowers, because 
"prevention is better than cure." Vigorous, healthy plants 
are seldom troubled much. 

The two golden rules to remember, says Mr. Edward 
Mawley, Secretary of the National Rose Society of England, 
are these: "Keep sharp watch out for the first appearance of 
insect or fungoid pests and adopt measures for destruction 
at once. Then persevere with the remedy adopted until a 
cure has been effected." 

Our Lady Rosa likes cleanliness above all things, and will 
respond generously to these attentions. Keep your roses 
clean and healthy and they are almost certain to be happy. 



30 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

Insects 

Probably our worst enemy to roses is the Rose Chafer 
(**Rose Bug"), which is particularly severe on sandy soils. 
For this, handpicking into a vessel of kerosene is effective, or 
a half pound of arsenate of lead in twelve gallons of water, 
or bordeaux mixture (one ounce to one and a half gallons 
of water). Spray on every two weeks through June and 
July as a preventive. This is also a good remedy for the 
Rose-Slug, which skeletonizes the leaves. It works from 
the under side of the fohage so when going after it, turn the 
fohage down side up and spray it thoroughly. 

Aphides, or Green Flies, attack the plants during May 
and June, and, if not dispatched, they multiply rapidly, and 
suck the life-blood frorn the leaves. A vigorous spraying of 
Thompson's rose nicotine or whale-oil soap will settle them. 
Scale seldom bothers any except old, neglected shrub roses. 
Use scalecide or lime-sulphur wash. 

Diseases 

Of the fungous diseases, Powdery Mildew is by far the 
worst and most difficult to overcome. It will be recognized 
as a white mold appearing on the foliage, which, if not 
checked, will spread. 

This is most likely to occur in warm, damp weather, and 
certain varieties, such as Crimson Ramblers, are more sub- 
ject to its attacks. Bordeaux mixture, applied at fortnightly 
intervals, is a good preventive (see formula above). As a 
cure, flowers of sulphur dusted on the foliage is recom- 
mended, also "grape dust." For Black-Spot, Rust, and 
other fungous diseases, follow the same course. Also 
promptly remove and burn foliage thus affected. 

Bud-Rot. Outer petals turn brown and buds fail to 
open. No satisfactory remedy is known. 

The beginner need not be dismayed at the above array of 
troubles that may happen; if they do, these hints are offered 
as a "first aid to the injured." As a matter of fact, not all the 
above pests are likely to appear in the same garden. It is 
not so complicated or difficult as might appear. 



PRUNING INFORMATION 



31 



Pruning 

If you have bought two- or three-year-old plants, cut 
them back rather severely at the time of planting — to three 
or four buds on the Hybrid Perpetuals and about six on 
the Teas and Hybrid Teas. Always cut the stem just above a 
bud that points out, never above one that points toward the 
center of the plants. The term bud or eye is used to define 
the places on the stem where leaves will be produced. They 
are easily distinguished, as they look like small, pointed 
warts on the stems. Ifthe plants are in leaf when planted, 
the above does not apply. The crop of flowers on the rose 
plants is largely governed by the kind of pruning the plants 
receive. In fact, other conditions being ideal, the pruning 
determines the quantity and the size of the flowers. 

The Hybrid Perpetuals and most other hardy roses 
should be pruned in March; if weather permits, by the 




Method of pruning Hybrid Teas for garden display 
(As recommended by the N. R. S. of England) 

middle of the month. The tender roses, the Teas and 
Hybrids Teas, need not be pruned until along in April, when 
the sap begins to flow and the buds begin to swell; for, at this 
time, dead and weak wood may be much more easily dis- 
tinguished and cut out than earlier in the season. Besides, it 
is an advantage to leave the mulch undisturbed until settled 
weather has arrived. At the time of pruning, one must 



The PERLE DES JARDINS is a standard Tea Rose of rich 
golden yellow color and fine form; it blooms freely on strong stems. 

SmfnJ^'^^Q ^k'''^' ''^'^'.^'^^.^^^'^^ ^"d S^eat merit are Lady 
Hilhngdon, Sunburst and Miss Alice de Rothschild. 



PRUNING INFORMATION 



33 






?5? 



decide upon the kind of crop wanted. If the very biggest and 
best flowers are wanted, then severe pruning is necessary 
(see I, page 34); if a large crop of average flowers, then only 
moderate pruning (see 2, page 34) ; but, where a quantity of 
bloom is preferred, only a little pruning is necessary (see 3, 
page 34). 

When pruning Hybrid Perpetuals, first cut out the weak 
wood and any branches that cross; then cut back the strong 
canes to about six eyes, the top one point- 
ing out, and the cut being made one-quarter 
of an inch above the . bud. If you want 
only a few big flowers, cut back to only 
three or four buds. For the big outdoor 
display, leave four to seven canes two- 
thirds their growth. The Teas and Hybrid 
Teas will need the same attention, but 
there should be as much or more wood left. 
In case the winter may have killed the canes, 
cut back to live wood, even if down to the 
surface of the soil. 

These rules are modified somewhat by 
the character of the plant. The weaker- 
growing varieties can be cut back farther 
than strong-growing sorts. The strong- 
growing kinds, if cut back too heavily, will 
run to wood, and in the case of some — 
Gloire Lyonnaise, for instance — too heavy 
pruning may kill the plant. 

The Bourbon roses need but little pruning. Cut back the 
stems a few inches. This is also true of the Austrian Briar 
roses, of the Wichuraianas and the Ramblers, which should not 
be pruned much in autumn or spring, but just after the 
flowering season, to produce wood for next season's bloom. 

Climbing and Pillar roses need be cut back but one- 
third to one-fifth, and on old well-established plants, the old, 
enfeebled wood should also be taken out. 

The base of the branches may be prevented from becom- 
ing bare. In straight branches, the sap goes to the top, leaving 




Showing where to 
prune 



34 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



little for the buds at the base. Train the branches up crooked 
by putting sharp bends in the stems within 2 feet of the ground, 
and fohage will be produced the whole length of the stem. 
To get a second crop of flowers in autumn, cut 8 to lo inches 
of wood with the flowers. Several Hybrid Perpetuals will 
also bloom in autumn with this treatment. (See below, and 

also the list of 158 roses on pages 
43 to 62.) 

In autumn extra-long canes will 
need to be cut back a little, and 
perhaps tied to a stake or support, 
to prevent swaying and the con- 
sequent damage to the roots. 



raF\t 




The way to prune and thin 
out climbing roses 



How to Use This Pruning 
Information 

Refer to pages 43 to 62 for va- 
rieties on which information is de- 
sired. Opposite each name will be 
found abbreviated directions for 
pruning. Illustrations herewith 
will further explain the instructions. The key to these di- 
rections is fully explained on this and the succeeding page. 

1. Hard. Thin out to the base all but from three to five 
shoots, and cut these back so as to leave two or three eyes 
on each shoot. 

2. Moderately Hard. Thin out as No. i, and cut each 
shoot back to about five to ten eyes. 

3. Medium. Thin out as No. i ; leave four to seven shoots; 
shorten these shoots to about half their length. 

4. Sparingly. Thin out as No. i; leave four to seven 
shoots, which should be merely tipped. 

5. Thin. No pruning required; thin out annually. 

6. None. No pruning required; thin out every two or 
three years, just to keep the plant within bounds. 

7. Climbing, Pillar, and all other roses that are marked 7 
can be improved by thinning, when one or more of the 



PRUNING INFORMATION 



35 



stems show plainly that they are old and past doing good ser- 
vice. This should not be necessary oftener than every three 
years. Kinds marked -f- are more hkely to need it than 
kinds marked — . The needs of such roses as Mrs. Peary, 
Marechal Niel, etc., are not covered by any of the notes, 
where the chmate is warm enough not to kill back the main 
stems. In this case, the branches should be trimmed so as 
to leave from two to ten eyes. 

Ex. Method to use to produce exhibition specimens or 
large flowers. 

Q. Method to use to produce showy bushes or a quantity 

of flowers. 

"Note I. — Pruning, therefore, is the art of improving the produc- 
tive power, and the appearance of the plant. It consists of two distinct 
operations: (i) The removal of dead, weak, overcrowded, or otherwise 
useless shoots. Unripe wood which in the spring will usually be found 
to have discolored pith, caused by the winter frosts, should be cut 
clean away at the base of the shoot. (2) Pruning proper, the shorten- 
ing of those shoots which are allowed to remain after 
the thinning-out process has been completed. 

"The most frequent errors made in pruning are 

(i) leaving too many shoots when thinning out; (2) 

pruning severely the shoots of varieties which require 

little, if any, shortening ; (3) pruning lightly 

the varieties which require severe pruning ; 

(4) leaving rose plants crowded with shoots 

and cutting these to a uniform length all 

over the plant in the same way that a hedge 

is clipped. 

''In thinning out a 
shoot, it should be 
either cut clean away 
to the base of the plant, 
or to its starting-point 
on the older shoot from 
which it springs, as the 
case may be. When the 
plant has been pruned, 
the shoots should be 
left as nearly ds pos- 
sible equidistant from 
each other, and regu- 
larly arranged around 
it so that it presents a 
well-balanced appear- 

„ . , , , , ance on all sides." — 
t'runing-shears tor heavy work \r„.; ; d^„^ C^^;^».,'„ 

Flower-scissors that cut and hold the stem. National Rose Society s 

3. Flower-scissors strong and convenient for light work. Hand-Book on rruning. 





36 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




rose 



Own-Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses 

Every rose-grower should learn the difference. In a 
budded or grafted rose, the top of a good flowering variety 
has been joined and made to grow onto the 
root of a "wild'* rose. An own-root rose never 
borrowed roots. It stands on its own feet, so 
that, if the top be winter-killed, the new 
growth from the root will bloom true as at 
first. Not so with the budded or grafted rose. 
If the top be killed, the "wild" root is worth- 
less; throw it out. 

As a general rule, for application over a 
broad area, the experience of many people in 
many difl^erent localities indicates a preference 
for own-root roses in as many varieties as will 
make satisfactory and vigorous growth. 

Some varieties, however, when grown on 
their own roots, are not thrifty and vigorous. 
Such kinds should be obtained in plants that 
have been budded or grafted onto roots of a 
stronger-growing rose in order to obtain the desired growth 
and abundant bloom. Multiflora, Canina, Manetti, and 
other stocks are used for this purpose. When planting own- 
root roses, set in the soil a trifle deeper than the stain of the 
soil on the stem indicates it grew before. When planting 
budded or grafted roses, set with the joint or union of top 
and root an inch below the surface of the soil, and watch for 
suckers. If there appears any growth originating below the 
union, dig away the soil and cut it off" close up to the stem; 

otherwise it may 
grow up and 
crowd out the 
flower- bearing 
part of the plant. 
These suckers 
usually show 7 
process of ^ f I . or Q Icaflcts. 

budding ' \ - I ^ 



A budded 
may be distin- 
guished from the 
own-root by knot- 
formation of the 
former. See arrow. 





CHOOSING THE RIGHT KINDS 



37 



Selecting the Roses 

This is a vital matter. The most complete and authorita- 
tive list of roses in our possession shows 10,281 varieties. The 
most complete collection in any one plantation that has come 
under our observation we did not attempt to count. It is 
said to contain about six thousand varieties, including every 
known species and every variety now obtainable in the 
civihzed world. (This garden, the Roseraie de L'Hay, will be 
found more fully described on page 98.) 

The average number of roses actually in commerce in the 
different countries abroad prior to August 
I, 1 91 4, was approximately one thousand, 
while a half of that is the average number 









^|. ^f 




^^m 



The luxuriant clusters of the white-flowered Dorothy Perkins. A good 
example of the Wichuraiana family 



38 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

offered in America by the leading rose firms whose products 
can be relied upon as true to name. 

When we recall that the average amateur must confine his 
selection to a much smaller number even than this, often a 
choice two dozen kinds, the paramount importance of a 
proper selection is quite apparent. 

Dr. Liberty H. Bailey, formerly of Cornell University, 
and editor of that standard authority, "Cyclopedia of 
American Horticulture," says: "The success of the rose in 
this country is very largely a question of the selection of 
adaptable varieties." 

Pemberton, in his excellent work on roses, says to be- 
ginners: "State your requirements to a friend who is an 
expert and leave the selection to him." This book would be a 
"friend" to every rose-grower, — how "expert" you must 
judge from its contents. 

America is a big country, and allowances must be made 
for differences in soil, cHmate, and other conditions. Rules 
are offered for use and application by the reader to the 
conditions that obtain in his or her locahty. If there arise 
conditions not herein covered, the author will be glad from 
his own experience to assist readers in solving their individual 
problems. 

Where do you live? The answer to this question is the 
first key to the selection of the right roses. Some varieties 
will withstand severely cold winters from which other varie- 
ties would die. Do you want dwarf, bedding, pillar, or vigor- 
ous chmbing roses? Would you prefer a great show for a 
month or more in the early summer, or a more or less con- 
tinuous bloom throughout the autumn also? These various 
important characteristics will be mentioned in the descrip- 
tions of 158 roses on pages 43 to 62. The following expla- 
nations will enable you more fully to understand the terms 
used. We state after the name of each rose: (i) the class to 
which it belongs; (2) the color of the flower; (3) the char- 
acter of the leaves, when it is particularly worthy of men- 
tion; (4) the character of growth (vigorous, moderate, etc.); 
(5) the purposes for which best suited; (6) the way to prune 



SELECTING THE ROSES 



39 




Kt>sa \V icliuruiaiia has shiny 
green foliage nearly all the year 

the variety; (7) other noteworthy remarks. We have endeav- 
ored to avoid all exaggeration. 

After the name of the variety, the class to which it belongs 
is indicated by the following abbreviations: 

Section I 



T.— Tea 

B. — Bourbon 

C. — China 

H.T.— Hybrid Tea 

P. — Polyantha 

T.P.— Tea Polyantha 

Section II 

N. — Noisettes 

C.T. — Climbing Tea 

C.H.T. — Climbing Hybrid Tea 

C.P. — Climbing Polyantha 

C.T.P. — Climbing Tea Polyantha 



Section III 
A.B. — Austrian Briar. Per. — 

Pernetiana, or Hybrid Austrian 

Briar 
D. — Damask 
H.P.— Hybrid Perpetual 
M. — Moss 
Pr, — Provence 
R. — Rugosa and Hybrid Rugosa 

Section IV 
Mult. — Multiflora 
Bank. — Banksian 
CI. M. — Climbing Moss 
S.B. — Sweetbriars 
W. — Wichuraiana and hybrids 



In addition to 158 leading roses listed on pages 43 to 62 
inclusive, see also (pages no to 115) a list of the important 
roses in each class named above. 



SELECTING THE ROSES 41 

It will be helpful to remember, when referring to the 
above four sections, that sections III and IV contain the 
hardiest roses. Roses in these classes will hve out over 
winter in the latitude of Philadelphia without protection, 
although all roses in this and colder regions will be the better 
for protection. The classes in sections I and II require careful 
protection in a cHmate hke this, especially the first ones 
named in each section, which are better suited for growing 
south of Washington, D. C, and in correspondingly mild 
chmates. 

As to bloom, sections I and II will bloom more or less 
throughout the growing season. Sections III and IV are 
mostly known as summer bloomers, and are in their greatest 
glory for only a few weeks in early summer. Some of the 
Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Austrian Briars will also 
make an autumn showing. 

The character of growth is indicated upon a scale arranged 
as follows: Weak, moderate, moderately vigorous, vigorous, 
very vigorous; * 'robust" indicates sturdy and bushy, but 
short growth. Climbers are described either as vigorous 
climbers, suitable for low pillar or trelhs, or very vigorous, 
suitable for archways, pergolas, or high trellis. 

Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses 

(Also key to descriptions on pages 43 to 62) 

Garden. — Recommended for general lawn or garden 
cultivation. 

Bedding, i. e., free-flowering and of rather compact 
growth — good for massing in beds, either several of a kind 
or with other bedding roses. 

Pillar. — Excellent for training up to a low pillar, stake, 
or post. 

Arch. — For covering an archway. 

Pergola. — For growing over a pergola. 

Wall. — Suitable for training up the face of a wall or 
side of a building. 

Creeping. — Good for covering a bank, stumps, rocks, etc. 



42 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

Trellis. — Grows well on a trellis. 

Bush. — Makes a good bush when planted alone and 
allowed to develop. 

Pot, or Cut-Flowers. — Those that have particularly 
long stems and other quahties that make them peculiarly 
fitted for cutting. Good also under glass. 

BouTONNiERE. — Well formed buds and not so large but 
that it is appropriate for a buttonhole or corsage bouquet. 

Edging. — Makes an excellent edging to a rose-bed or 
other border. 

Hedge. — Adapted for making a hedge, either all one kind 
or with others. 

Tree or Standard. — Kinds that do well in tree form, as 
illustrated oh page — . 

Note also at the close of this chapter a section devoted to 
the best roses for each particular purpose in your garden. 
We feel that entire dependence may be placed upon these 
recommendations beginning page 64, based upon the infor- 
mation gained after many years' correspondence with patrons 
in all parts of the United States. 

In a broader way the reader will surely find great interest 
in cultivating a more intimate acquaintance with this great 
rose family. Opportunity for further study of this subject 
is offered in the Analysis of Species and outline of different 
classes beginning on pages 108 and 1 10. 

Following these sets for special purposes, and beginning 
on page 77, will be found recommendations of the varieties 
that eminent amateurs, or professionals, have found best 
adapted to each of eight different typical sections of our 
country. 

But comparatively few people can actually plant more 
than a small proportion of any such extended list, and there- 
fore we list on the pages immediately following a shorter 
list of the leading varieties from any of which it will be 
entirely safe to select. The reader may still have some 
failures, but they will serve as stepping stones of knowledge 
surely learned on which to build greater success. 



DEPENDABLE VARIETIES 



43 




American Pillar 
See page 44 



A Baby Rambler 

See page 44 



Anna de Diesbach 
See page 44 



One Hundred Fifty-eight Choice Roses 

Loving roses as we do; living among them and watching 
them closely and constantly, under all sorts of conditions; 
having before us reports upon roses from every country on 
earth to which our roses go, and knowing, too, the prize- 
winners and kinds that have pleased amateurs here and 
almost everywhere; watching the new roses as they **come 
out," testing all kinds and holding fast to those which are 
good, — out of an experience like that has come our choice of 
these 158 roses. See abbreviations, for class, growth, pur- 
pose, and pruning, explained on pages 39 to 42. 

ALBERIC BARBIER. W. Flowers in clusters, double, creamy white 
with canary-yellow center; fragrant. Leaves bronzy red in spring and 
glossy; almost evergreen, and not liable to be troubled with insects. 
Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, banks, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 

ALEXANDER HILL GRAY. T. Flowers deep lemon-yellow, which 
intensifies as the blooms develop ; large, of deep substance and 
perfect formation. Gold Medal, N. R. S. Garden, bedding, cut- 
flower. Prune 4. 

ALISTER STELLA GRAY (Golden Rambler). C.T. Flowers rich 
apricot-yellow, changing to white with yellow center; delightfully 
fragrant and constant in bloom. Moderately vigorous. Pillar, 
pergola, arch, trellis. Needs winter-protection. Prune, 5, 7+. 

AMERICAN BEAUTY, CLIMBING. W. Flowers deep pink to 
crimson; fragrant. Produces hundreds of perfect blooms at one 
time. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune, 6, 7 — . 



44 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

AMERICAN PILLAR. Mult. Flowers chaste pink; single; large, 3 to 
4 inches across; in large clusters. Leaves almost evergreen. Very 
vigorous. Has attractive, brilliant red hips in autumn. Pergolas, 
pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7. (See illustration in color, on title-page.) 

AMY ROBSART. S.B. Flowers deep rose-pink, beautifully tinted. 
Leaves deliciously scented. Hedge, pillar, arch, pergola. Vigorous. 
Prune, 6, 7. 

ANNA DE DIESBACH. H.P. Flowers rose; fragrant; profuse. 
Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 43.) 

ANNE OF GEIERSTEIN. S.B. Flowers crimson. Foliage fragrant. 
Hedge, pillar, arch, pergola. Vigorous. Prune, 6, 7. 

ANTOINE RIVOIRE (H.T). Creamy white to deeper yellow and 
peachy pink center. Vigorous. Garden and bedding. Prune 3. 

ARTHUR R. GOODWIN. H.T. Buds and flowers rich coppery 
orange-red which shades to salmon-pink as the flower ages; very 
lasting; blooms large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

BABY DOROTHY (Maman Levavasseur, or Pink Baby Rambler). 
P. Flowers bright pink; incessant bloomer, often having 100 to 200 
blossoms. Dwarf, 20 in. Bedding, edging. Prune 4. (See illustration 
in color, page 117.) 

BABY RAMBLER, RED (Mme. Norbert Levavasseur). P. Bright red; 
dwarf. Bedding, edging. Prune 4. 

BEAUTE DE LYON. Per. Flowers coral-red, slightly shaded with 
yellow; large and full. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 

BEAUTY OF ROSEMAWR. B. Flowers rich carmine-rose, veined 
with creamy white. Very floriferous. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 

BIRDIE BLYE. Mult. Flowers bright satiny rose. Continual bloomer. 
Grows 4 to 6 feet. Pillar, bush. Prune 5. 

BLANC DOUBLE DE COUBERT. R. Flowers white, double, large 
and showy. Very hardy. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune, 5, 7 — , 

BLANCHE MOREAU. M. Flowers pure white; large and full. 
Bedding. Prune 3. 

BRILLIANT. H.T. Flowers brilliant scarlet. Free bloomer. Garden, 
bedding. Prune 2. 

BRIDESMAID. T. Flowers rose-pink, crimson-shaded; full and fra- 
grant. Bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. (See illus- 
tration in color, page 103.) 

CANDEUR LYONNAISE. H.P. Flowers pure white, sometimes 
tinted with very pale sulphur-yellow. A seedling from Frau Karl 
Druschki. Vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

CECILE BRUNNER (Sweetheart). P. Flowers small and dainty, 
rosy pink on rich creamy white ground. Very floriferous and deli- 
ciously fragrant. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 5. 




With petals fashioned like sea-shells, tinted and toned in shades 
of rose and pink, superlatives fail in describing the satisfactory beauty 
of KILLARNEY, the renowned Hybrid Tea Rose. 

Fortunate it is for Rose-lovers that Mother Nature has been so 
generous in giving us so many members in the Killarney family, 
all of them rare beauties, such as Killarney Brilliant, Killarney 
Queen and White Killarney. . . 

For open-ground planting under different conditions ot climate, 
this Killarney Rose family may be depended upon to repay bounti- 
fully the attention and care which all Roses should receive. 



46 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



CHAMPION OF THE WORLD (Mrs. De Graw). B. Flowers rich, 

rosy pink; large, full and deliciously sweet. Free bloomer. Garden, 

bedding. Prune 5. 
CHATEAU DE CLOS VOUGEOT. H.T. Flowers velvety maroon, 

shaded fiery red, very dark. Garden. Prune 2. (See illustration, 
page 47.) 
CHRISTINE WRIGHT. W. Flowers clear wild-rose-pink; beautiful 

in bud. Foliage large, thick, leathery. Pillar, arch, arbor, trellis. 

Prune, 6, 7, 
CLIO. H.P. Flowers flesh-color, shaded pink; large; fine form. Very 

vigorous. Garden. A very choice variety. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

CONRAD F. MEYER. R. Flowers clear silvery rose; large, per- 
fectly double, elegantly formed; very fragrant. Garden, bush, or 
hedge. Very hardy. Prune 6+. 

CONSTANCE. Per. Flowers beautiful cadmium-yellow passing to 
golden yellow. Bud long, orange-yellow streaked with crimson. 
Foliage glossy. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. 

CORONATION. H.P. Flowers shading from flesh to bright shrimp- 
pink; immense size. Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

COUNTESS CLANWILLIAM. H.T. Flowers delicate peach-pink 
at the base of the petals, which are flamed and heavily edged with 
deep cherry-red. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 




An all-summer show of bloom. An example of what Baby Ramblers will 

do in a bed 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 47 




Chateau de Clos Vougeot (see p. 46) 



Duchess of Wellington 



CRESTED MOSS. M. Flowers choice pink, and heavily mossed. A 
lovely old favorite. Bedding. Prune 3. 

DEVON I ENS IS. T. Flowers creamy white with rosy center. Very 
full. An old-time favorite. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

DR. W. VAN FLEET. W. Flowers rich flesh-color. Stems 18 inches 
long. Choice. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 

DOROTHY PERKINS. W. Flowers beautiful shell-pink; free- 
bloomer; large clusters. Most popular rose in its class and color, 
and blooms in time for use at June weddings. Very vigorous. Arches, 
porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . (See illustration in color, page 1 2.) 

DOROTHY PERKINS, WHITE. W. Flowers snow-white; free- 
bloomer; large clusters. Very vigorous. Habit like Pink Dorothy 
Perkins. Arches, porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 

DUCHESSE DE BRABANT. T. Flowers deep rosy pink, edged with 
silver. Has been extensively planted about the White House, at 
Washington, D. C, a free bloomer. Bedding. Prune 4. 

DUCHESS OF WELLINGTON. H.T. Flowers intense saffron- 
yellow. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 

ECARLATE. H.T. Flowers intense dazzling scarlet, semi-double, 
showing beautiful long golden anthers in center. An incessant 
bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

ELLEN POULSEN. T.P. Flowers brilliant pink; full, sweet-scented. 
Very floriferous. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 3. 

ERNA TESCHENDORFF. P. Flowers rich crimson, freely produced. 
An improved Crimson Baby Rambler. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. 



48 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Frau Karl Druschki Gen. Jacqueminot 



Gloire Lyonnaise 
See page 49 



ETOILE DE FRANCE. H.T. Flowers intense, brilliant crimson; 
extra-large, double; very free bloomer; fragrant; buds large, pointed. 
Vigorous. Bedding. A choice variety. Prune 2. 

ETOILE DE LYON. T. Flowers bright suIphur-yellow; very double; 
fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 4. 

EXCELSA. (Red Dorothy Perkins). W. Iridescent rosy crimson. Very 
vigorous. Late-flowering. Fine in every way. Arch, porch, trellis, 
etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 

FLORENCE PEMBERTON. H.T. Flowers creamy white, suffused 
pink; large, full, perfect form; high-pointed center. Bush, garden. 
Prune 2. 

FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI (White American Beauty). H.P. Flowers 
pure snow-white; immense (4 to 5 inches across), perfectly double. 
The finest pure white rose in this class; not fragrant. Vigorous. 
Bedding, bush, garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

GARDENIA. W. Flowers yellow, changing to creamy white; fragrant; 
free bloomer. Very vigorous; creeping. Prune 6, 7 — . (See illustra- 
tion in color, page 40.) 

GENERAL JACQUEMINOT. H.P. Flowers brilliant crimson, 
velvety; fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden, pot, and standard. 
Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 70.) 

GENERAL MACARTHUR. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson-scarlet; 
fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 2. 

GENERAL-SUPERIOR ARNOLD-JANSSEN. H.T. Flowers 
deep glowing carmine, large, and freely produced. Garden, bedding. 
Prune 2. 

GEORGE DICKSON. H.T. Flowers velvety dark crimson, back of 
petals heavily veined with deep, pure crimson-maroon. Garden, 
bedding. Prune 2. 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 49 




Lyon Rose 
See page 52 



Gruss an Teplitz 



Kaiserin Aug. Victoria 
See page 50 



GLOIRE DE CHEDANE GUINOISSEAU. H.P. Flowers bright yer- 
milion-red with velvety shadings. Choice new variety. Bedding, 
garden. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. 

GLOIRE LYONNAISE. H.P. Flowers pale lemon; large. Very vigor- 
ous. Garden, bedding. A grand rose; the nearest to yellow of any 
of the Hybrid Perpetuals. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 forQ. (See illustration, 
page 48.) 

GLORY OF MOSSES. M. Flowers blush-color. Very hardy. Bedding. 
Prune 3. 

GRUSS AN AACHEN. P. Flowers flesh-pink and yellow; very double 
and free-flowering; vigorous. Edging, bedding. Prune 4. 

GRUSS AN TEPLITZ. H.T. Flowers bright crimson; free bloomer. 
Fragrant, hardy, vigorous. Garden, bedding, and bush. Prune 5. 

GRUSS AN TEPLITZ, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers bright crimson. 
Free bloomer; vigorous. Porch, pillar, arch, trellis. Prune 4. 

HARISON'S YELLOW. A.B. Flowers intense clear golden yellow. 
Early bloomer. Very hardy. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. 

HARRY KIRK. T. Flowers deep suIphur-yellow with edge of petals 
lighter; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

HELEN GOOD. T. Flowers delicate pink, shaded deeper pink at the 
edges; fragrant. Somewhat like Maman Cochet. Garden, bedding. 
Prune 2. 

HENRI MARTIN. M. Flowers bright rosy red; fragrant; large. Free 
bloomer; vigorous. Fine in its class. Prune 3. 

HERMOSA. C. Flowers pink, in clusters; fragrant. Free bloomer; 
vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. Prune 3. 

HIAWATHA. W. Flowers brilliant scarlet; single; bright and 
eff"ective. Vigorous. Arch, trellis, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 



50 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

HOOSIER BEAUTY. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson; one of the rich- 
est-colored roses in cultivation; large, full, and deliciously sweet. 
Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 

HUGH DICKSON. H.P. New. Flowers brilliant crimson, shaded 
scarlet; very large and full; fine form. Free-flowering and vigorous. 
Highly perfumed. Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

HUGO ROLLER. T. Flowers lemon-yellow and crimson. A tea- 
scented "pictorial" flower. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. 

IRISH ELEGANCE. H.T. Flowers bronzy orange-scarlet in the 
bud stage, which assumes apricot hues as the flower opens; large, 
single variety. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration page 75.) 

J. B. CLARK. H.P. Flowers intense, scarlet, shaded crimson. Vigor- 
ous. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in 
color, page 21.) 

JONKHEER J. L. MOCK. H.T. Flowers carmine on the outside, 

lovely soft pink inside; large; full, fine form and fragrant. Garden, 

bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. 
JOSEPH HILL. H.T. Flowers pure salmon and gold, outside of petals 

pinkish copper. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 
JULIET. Per. Flowers old-goId on the outside while the inside is rosy 

red, changing to deep rose as the flowers expand. Large, full, and 

delightfully fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 

KAISERIN AUGUSTA VICTORIA. H.T. Flowers white, shading to 
lemon; deep; full; fragrant. Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden; also 
cut-flower. Cannot be too highly recommended. Prune 3. 

KILLARNEY. H.T. Flowers brilliant pink; long, pointed buds. Free 
bloomer; moderately vigorous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. A 
great favorite. Prune 3. (See illustration in color, page 45.) 

KILLARNEY BRILLIANT. H.T. Flowers larger, more double, and 
a deeper pink than the parent Killarney; fragrant. A free bloomer. 
Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 

LADY ALICE STANLEY. H.T. Flowers deep coral-rose and pale 
flesh, large, exceptionally full, very lasting when cut. Garden, bed- 
ding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 

LADY HILLINGDON. T. Flowers deep apricot-yellow, shading to 
orange. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. (See illustration, 
page 52.) 

LADY MARY WARD. H.T. Flowers rich orange, shaded deeper 
orange with metallic veneering. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

LADY PENZANCE. S.B. Flowers soft coppery color. Lord Pen- 
zance Hybrid. Leaves deliciously scented. Hedge, pillar, arch, 
porch. Prune 6, 7 — . 

LA FRANCE. H.T. Flowers silvery rose, changing to pink; fine form; 
sweet; large; lovely buds. Moderately vigorous. Garden, bush, 
standard, and cut-flower. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 53.) 

LA TOSCA. H.T. Flowers rose. Free bloomer; good vigorous. Gar- 
den, bush, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. 




Among the pink Hybrid Perpetual Roses, MRS. JOHN LAING 
stands well in the lead, — not so large as Paul Neyron, but more free m 
bloom, with excellent form, clear color and rich fragrance. 



52 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 





Lady Hillingdon (see page 50) 



Mme. Camille 



LAURENT CARLE. H.T. Flowers brilliant, velvety carmine; large 
and perfect; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

LEONIE LAMESCH. P. Flowers vary from cochineal-red in the bud 
to glowing coppery red, marked with orange when the bloom opens. 
Very floriferous. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

LOUISE CATHERINE BRESLAU. Per. Flowers shrimp-pink, 
shaded with reddish coppery orange and chrome-yellow on the 
reverse of petals. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. 

LOUISE WELTER (Baby Tausendschon). P. Flowers deep pink to 
white. Identical in color with the popular climbing Tausendschon, or 
Thousand Beauties. Bedding, edging. Prune 5. 

LYON ROSE. H.T. Flowers salmon-pink shaded chrome-yellow; full; 
globular; fragrant. Vigorous. Hardy. Bedding. Constant bloomer. 
Said to be beyond competition. Prune 3. (See illustration, page 49.) 

MME. ALFRED CARRIERE. N. Flowers cream-white, tinged pale 
yellow. Large, full, double, and sweet. Vigorous grower. Porch, arch, 
trellis. Prune 7. 

MME. CAMILLE. T. Flowers flesh, changing to salmon; large, full; 
sweet. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT. H.T. Flowers clear pink, edged sil- 
very rose. Magnificent variety. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See 
illustration in color, page 12.) 

MME. CHARLES LUTAUD. H.T. Flowers deep chrome-yellow, 
sometimes tinged rosy scarlet. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. EDMOND ROSTAND. H.T. Flowers pale flesh, shaded with 
salmon, center reddish orange — distinct and charming. Garden, 
bedding. Prune 5. 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 53 




Magna Charta 



Killarney 
See page 50 



La France 
See page 50 



MME. EDOUARD HERRIOT (The Daily Mail Rose). Per. The 
most unique variety, recently introduced. Flowers medium size, 
semi-double, superbly colored, coral-red shaded with yellow and 
bright rosy scarlet, passing to prawn-red. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. 

MME. EUGENE MARLITT. B. Flowers carmine-red; fragrant; 
free bloomer. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 4, tip severely. 

MME. JULES GROLEZ. H.T. Flowers china rose, passing to clear, 
rich satiny pink. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration, 
page 59.) 

MME. LEON PAIN. H.T. Flowers silvery salmon, center orange- 
yellow. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. MELANIE SOUPERT. H.T. Flowers salmon-yellow, suffused 
carmine; fragrant. Free bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. RAVARY. H.T. Flowers rich orange-yellow. Free-blooming 
and deliciously fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MME. SEGOND WEBER. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh-color; deep 
pink when opening. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MADISON. T. Flowers creamy white, sometimes tinged pink; 
similar to "Bride" in form but superior to it; deliciously fragrant. 
Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. 

MAGNA CHARTA. H.P. Flowers pink, suff'used with carmine; extra 
large; full; fragrant. Free bloomer. Leaves light green. Vigorous. 
Bedding. A choice variety. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See cut.) 

MAM AN COCHET. T. Flowers flesh-pink suff'used light rose; large, 
double, fragrant. Fine. Vigorous. Garden, bush. Prune 2. 

MAMAN COCHET, PINK, CLIMBING. C.T. New. Flowers like 
those of Maman Cochet. Porch, pergola, arch, etc. Prune 4. 




WHAT FULLNESS OF JOY 




FROM A GARDEN LIKE THIS! 



56 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Miss Alice de Rothschild 
See page 57 



Mrs. Wakefield Christie Miller 
See page 57 



MAMAN COCHET, WHITE. T. Flowers snow-white, with outside 
petals tipped pink in the autumn. Large and fragrant. Garden, 
bedding, boutonniere. Prune 2. 

MARECHAL NIEL. N. Flowers deep yellow; large; globular; full; 
sweet. A most beautiful climber. Hardy only in the South. Vigor- 
ous, Porch, pillar, pot, standard, etc. Prune 5. 

MARGARET DICKSON HAMILL. H.T. Flowers delicate straw- 
color, edge flushed with carmine. Fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MARIE GUILLOT. T. Flowers pure snowy white, large and full. 
Very fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MARIE PAVIE. P. Flowers white with delicate rose center. Un- 
surpassed as a bush cemetery rose. Blooms unceasingly and is quite 
hardy. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

MARIE VAN HOUTTE. T. Flowers pale yellow, edged with rose; 
large; full; fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. 

MARQUISE DE SINETY. H.T. Buds rich yellow-ocher suffused with 
carmine. The expanded flower is yellow, shaded rosy red. Garden, 
bedding. Prune 2. 

MARY, COUNTESS OF ILCHESTER. H.T. Flowers beautiful 
crimson-carmine; very large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MARY LOVETT. W. Flowers pure pearly white; same type as the 
beautiful Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . 

MAY QUEEN. W. Flowers clear bright pink and deliciously sweet. 
A great bloomer. Pergola, arch, pillar, bush, hedge. Prune 6. 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 57 




Mrs. Aaron Ward 



Miss Cynthia Forde 



MISS ALICE DE ROTHSCHILD. T. Flowers rich yellow. We call 
it bush Marechal Niel, although it is hardier. Garden, bedding. 
Prune 2. (See illustration, page ^6.) 

MISS CYNTHIA FORDE. H.T. Flowers deep brilliant rose-pink. 
Sweetly perfumed. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MOLLY SHARMAN-CRAWFORD. T. Flowers delicate white, 
passing to pure white. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MRS. AARON WARD. H.T. Flowers Indian yellow, sometimes 
tinged salmon- rose. Garden, bedding; boutonniere. Prune 2. 

MRS. A. R. WADDELL. H.T. Flowers coppery red suffused with 
salmon. Incessant bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MRS. B. R. CANT. T. Flowers rose-red; large, full, perfectly double; 
fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

MRS. HERBERT STEVENS. T. Flowers white with center shaded 
fawn and peach. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

MRS. JOHN LAING. H.P. Flowers soft pink; large, full; fragrant. 
Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 
(See illustration in color, page 51.) 

MRS. WAKEFIELD CHRISTIE MILLER. H.T. Flowers soft 
pearly blush. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See cut, page 56.) 

MURIEL DICKSON. Per. Flowers deep reddish copper in the bud 
state paling with age to cherry-red with coppery shadings. Garden, 
bedding, cut-flower. Prune 4. 




iirrn 
■ limiTii 

ITiTrrm 

The list of Hardy Climbing Roses has been wonderfully 
enriched during the last fifteen years by the addition of such 
7,^P-^^'^A ^^ DOROTHY PERKINS (as pictured above); also 
Whrte Dorothy and Excelsa, or Red Dorothy. 

Their long, willowy branches, easily trained over almost any 
object, will with reasonable care and nourishment, often attain 
a length of 20 feet in one season. 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 59 

MY MARYLAND, H.T. Flowers lovely salmon-pink, very freely 
produced on long stems. Garden, bedding, cutting. Prune 2. 

NEW CENTURY. R. Flowers clear flesh-pink with light red center; 
deliciously sweet; fragrance like the wild rose. Extremely hardy. 
Hedge, bush, or garden. Prune 6. 

OPHELIA. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh-color, shaded with rose. 
Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. 

ORLEANS. P. Flowers vivid rosy crimson. Garden, bedding, edging. 
Prune 3. 

PAUL NEYRON. H.P. Flowers deep rose; fragrant; opens flat. Vig- 
orous. Bedding, garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

PERLE DES JARDINS. T. Flowers deep yellow; very large, full, and 
fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration in color, 
page 32.) 

PERSIAN YELLOW. A.B. Flowers deep, rich, golden yellow. 
Garden, bush, hedge. Prune 6. (See illustration in color, page 63.) 

PHILADELPHIA RAMBLER. Mult. Flowers intense crimson; 
double; in large clusters. Very vigorous. Arch, porch, etc. Hardy. 
Prune 6 — , 7+. 

PRINCE CAMILLE DE ROHAN. H.P. Flowers velvety crimson; 
large. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. 

PRINCESS ADELAIDE. M. Flowers bright r6sy pink, beautifully 
mossed: double and sweet. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

QUEEN'S / SCARLET. C. Flowers rich velvety scarlet, size 
medium. ji Constant in bloom. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 




Mme. Jules Grave 
See page 53 



6o 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Rayon d'Oi 



Wichmoss (see page 62) 



RADIANCE. H.T. Flowers rosy carmine and pink; fine for mass 
planting. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

RAYON D'OR. Per. Flowers cadmium-yellow as they begin to open, 
toning to sunflower-yellow when fully expanded. Garden, bedding. 
Prune 2. 

RHEA REID. H.T. Flowers rich red; very double; fragrant. Garden, 
bedding. The "Grand Prize Rose" of Paris for 1908. Prune 3. (See 
illustration, page 61.) 

ROGER LAMBELIN. H.P. Flowers glowing crimson with pure white 
around the edge of each petal. Unique. Garden, bedding. Prune i 
for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 112.) 

ROSERAIE DE L'HAY. R. Flowers bright red and intensely 
fragrant; free bloomer. Hedge, bush, or garden. Prune 5, 7+. 

RUGOSA ALBA. R. Flowers single, pure white, five petals; highly 
scented. Makes pretty red berries which last well into winter. Hedge, 
bush. Prune 6. (See illustration in color, page 87.) 

RUGOSA RUBRA. R. Flowers single, bright rosy crimson; highly 
scented. Large red berries. Hedge, bush. Prune 6. 

SAFRANO. T. Flowers apricot-yellow; fragrant; semi-double. Con- 
stant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. 

SILVER MOON. W. Flowers very large, single, brilliant silvery 
white with a mass of golden yellow stamens in center. Vigorous. 
Creeping. Prune 6, 7 — . 



ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 6i 





Rhea Reid (see page 6oj 



Taft Rose 



SIR THOMAS LIPTON. R. Flowers pure white; fragrant; con- 
stant bloomer. Leaves beautiful. Vigorous. Hedge, bush, or garden. 
Very hardy. Prune 5, 7+. 

SOLEIL D'OR. (Sun of Gold.) Per. Flowers reddish gold, orange-yel- 
low, nasturtium-red, and rosy pink. Spicy orange fragrance. Gar- 
den, bedding. Prune 4. 

SOUV. DE GUSTAy PRAT. H.T. Flowers clear light sulphur-yel- 
low. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

SOUV. DE LA MALMAISON. B. Flowers lovely creamy flesh with 
rose center, elegantly shaded. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. 

SOUV. DE PIERRE NOTTING. T. Flowers apricot-yellow, shaded 
orange. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

SUNBURST. H.T. Flowers intense orange-copper and golden yellow. 
Extra fme. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

SUNRISE. T. Flowers peachy red, beautifully shaded with orange 
and crimson; especially good in the South. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

SWEETBRIAR (R. rubiginosa). S.B. Flowers pink; single. Vig- 
orous. Hedge, bush. Foliage delightfully fragrant. Prune 6, 7+. 

TAFT ROSE. H.T. Flowers rich salmon-pink shaded at the base 
with chrome-yellow. Profuse bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. 

TAUSENDSCHON. Mult. Flowers white to deep pink. Very vig- 
orous. Porch, arch, etc. Has few thorns. Fine. Prune 6, 7 — . (See 
illustration in color, page 78.) 



62 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




A tasteful arrangement of Ulrich Brunner roses 

ULRICH BRUNNER. H.P. Flowers rich red; fragrant; petals broad, 
round, thick. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. A standard 
variety. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 94.) 

WHITE KILLARNEY. H.T. Flowers pure white; long, pointed 
buds. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. 

WICHMOSS. (The Climbing Moss Rose.) W. Flowers light pink, 
reverse of petals darker. Very hardy. Pillar, arch, pergola, trellis. 
Prune 7. (See illustration, page 60.) 

WICHURAIANA. W. Flowers pure white; single. Leaves glossy, 
free from insects. Will grow anywhere. Splendid for holding banks 
from washing. Vigorous. Creeping. Prune 6, 7+. 

WILLIAM ALLEN RICHARDSON. N. Flowers coppery yellow, 
tinged with carmine; deliciously fragrant. Not hardy. Splendid for 
the South. Vigorous. Porch, pillar. Prune 5. 

WM. R. SMITH. T. Blush -pink; large; full. Vigorous grower. 
Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. 

WILLIAM SHEAN. H.T. Flowers pure pink with delicate ochery vena- 
tion; very large. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. 

WILLOWMERE. H.T. Flowers rich shrimp-pink, shaded yellow 
in the center. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. 

YORK AND LANCASTER. Damask. Flowers striped red and white. 
Very hardy. A very old and rather rare rose. Associated with the 
"Wars of the Roses." Garden. Prune 4. (See illustration, page 7.) 




The beautiful PERSIAN YELLOW Rose is com- 
mended highly, especially to those living in the colder 
sections of our country. 

Its rich coloring and hardiness, combined with its early 
season of bloom and fragrant young foliage, give it a 
value among Roses comparable to the value of gold 
among metals. 

It blooms brilliantly and abundantly, though not con- 
tinually; and, above all, it is so hardy as to stand severe 
winters, without protection, almost anywhere. 



64 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




La France. Beautiful on the lawn; just as fine in vases 



Roses for Various Purposes and Uses 
Twelve Star Varieties 

In selecting the best roses, there are so many quahties to 
be considered that it requires a large collection and unusual 
opportunities to watch and study them under every possible 
condition they are hkely to encounter. We have been 
fortunate in having unusual facihties for this experimental 
work. Furthermore, our observation extends over a long 
period of years, during which, each season, we have obtained 
and tried out all new sorts of promise, and thus aim to have 
the best obtainable constantly on trial. We also travel 
extensively and visit rose-gardens in many states of the 
Union. Due regard has been given to, the pubHshed experi- 
ences of other dependable rose-lovers, in reaching our own 
conclusions. 

To pass our severe test, a rose must prove itself a vigorous 
grower and an abundant bloomer, and must also excel its 
rivals either in size, color, form, fragrance, or habit. 

So many friends ask us to select their roses that we believe 
they must have read Pemberton's advice; ''State your 



ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 



65 



requirements to a friend who is an expert, and leave the 

selection to him." These pages answer your questions before 

you ask them; they save you the expense of experiments; 

and, if you do your part, you can count on a reward of 

good bloom. 

Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P.) Jonkheer J. L. Mock. (H.T.) 

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. (H.T.) Sunburst. (H.T.) Yellow. 

White Maman Cochet. (T.) Hugh Dickson. (H.P.) Red. 

Coronation. (H.P.) Pink. Prince Camille de Rohan. (H.P.) 

Paul Neyron. (H.P.) Pink. Gruss an Teplitz. (H.T.) Red. 

Wm. R. Smith. (T.) Pink. Mme. Eugene Marlitt. (B.C.) 

Red. 

Twelve Cold Country Roses 

Here are roses selected from among those that live out- 
doors over winter and thrive in localities north of the lati- 
tude of New York and Chicago. These laugh at zero weather. 

White and Light — Page Pink, continued — Page 

Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P.).48 May Queen. (H.C.) . . . . 56 

Sir Thomas Lipton. (H.R.) . 61 Willowmere. (H.T.) 62 

Conrad F. Meyer. (H.R.) . . 46 Red— 

Gloire Lyonnaise. (H.P.).. . 49 Hugh Dickson. (H.P.).. . . 50 

Pink — Roseraie de I'Hay. (H.R.).. .60 

Paul Neyron. (H.P.) . . . .59 Ulrich Brunner. (H.P.) . . .62 

Coronation. (H.P.) 46 Gloire de Chedane Guinois- 

^ seau (H.P.) . . . .49 

t 




Hybrid Rugosas 



'nvaluable for cold country planting, 
the beautiful foliage 



Note 



66 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Nearly every home may have a dozen bushes like these 

Twelve Sunny South Roses 

If you live on the sunny side of the frost-line and wish a set 
of superior sorts for a warm country, here are twelve that we 
know you will find supremely satisfying. 

These are our favorite twelve in a cHmate where there is 
little danger from frost. They will winter well as far north as 
Washington, D. C. 

Yellow — Page Pink — Page 

Etoile de Lyon. (T.) 48 Maman Cochet. (T.) • . 53 

Duchess of Wellington. (H.T.) . 47 Mme. Camille. (T.) ... 52 

Safrano. (T.) 60 Radiance. (H.T.) ... 60 

Sunburst. (H.T.) 61 Red- 
White, Tinted— Mrs. B. R. Cant. (T.) . . 57 
Marie Van Houtte. (T). ... 56 Magnafrano. (H.T.) . .113 
Madison. (T.) 53 Rhea Reid. (H.T.) . . . 60 



ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 



^1 



Climbing Roses That Will Cover Quickly, 
Trellises, Porches, Buildings, Etc. 

Every home has room for a few chmbers, because vines 
around a house decorate it as nothing else does, and to have 
vines that will hand you forth roses — imagine the pleasure 
of that! 

Where you Hve makes a difference; roses that will grow 
to cover your house with bloom in northern New England 
are not the kinds to do the same in the sunny South. So, 
think of these things when you order, or, better still, leave it 
all to your grower, who will select to suit your home and 
chmate. For example, here are three sets, each one good for 
the section indicated. Order accordingly, and you will get 
pleasing results. 
(See list of climbing roses recommended for this purpose on page 68.) 




Dorothy Perkins roses in cold New England, growing over a cottage of 
Thos. W. Lawson, Dreamwold, Massachusetts. 



68 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



We recommend the following roses for the uses described 
on the preceding page: 

For a Warm Climate — *'Everblooming Climbers" — Page 

Reine Marie Henriette. Red 115 

Mrs. Robert Peary. White 115 

Marechal Niel. Yellow 56 

Climbing Pink Maman Cochet. Pink 53 

For a Temperate Climate (latitude of Philadelphia and New York) — 

Dorothy Perkins. Pink 47 

Excelsa (Red Dorothy). Red 48 

White Dorothy Perkins. White 47 

Gardenia. Yellow 48 

For a Cold Climate {where winters are long and severe) — 

Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pink 47 

MaryLovett. White 56 

Ruby Queen. Red 115 

Tausendschon. Pink and white 61 



Archways, Arbors, Summer-Houses, Pergolas, and 
for Beautifying Boundaries, Fences, Etc. 

Certain roses 
lend themselves 
admirably to being 
trained over objects 
on which they can 
have support. The 
best kinds for such 
a purpose, we think, 
are: 

Dorothy Perkins. Page 

Pink 47 

Ruby Queen. Red 115 
American Pillar, 

Single. Pink . . 44 
Excelsa (Red 

Dorothy Perkins). 48 
Tausendschon. 

Blush 61 

Gardenia. Yellow . 48 

Quite as pretty 

an effect may be 

had with certain 

Effective uses of the Wichuraiana Other kinds by 




ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 



69 




A lovely spot in the famous Graveraux Rose-garden near Paris 



allowing them to grow over a fence, as shown on page 71. 
Their willowy vine-like branches are very graceful, the 
fohage is shiny and almost evergreen, giving these the 
advantage over the Ramblers of being attractive even when 
not in bloom and almost the entire year. 



Alberic Barbier 

Alba rubrifolia. White . . 
Dorothy Perkins. Pink . 
Dorothy Perkins. White. 
Excelsa 



Page 

43 
1 14 

47 
47 
48 



Gardenia 48 

Silver Moon 60 

Universal Favorite. Pink. . .115 

Wichmoss . . 62 

Wichuraiana, Single. White. . 62 



The above-mentioned roses flower during one period of 
the year only, but are hardier for cold climates than the fol- 
lowing, which, if well cared for and properly nourished, will 
continue to produce some bloom during summer and autumn: 

Page 

Climbing Gruss an Teplitz. Red 49 

Climbing Pink Maman Cochet 53 

Climbing White Killarney 1^5 

Shower of Gold. Yellow; shiny foliage "5 

Climbing Clothilde Soupert. Blush "5 

Climbing Killarney. Pink ^^5 

Reine Marie Henriette . • • •. "^ 

Mme. Caroline Testout Climbing 1^5 




THE STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL, GEN. JACQUEMINOT 

Do you know the quaint custom that still holds in one of the country 
towns of Pennsylvania, whereby, in accordance with the will of Baron 
Stiegel, there is paid for the church property, with an appropriate anniver- 
sary celebration, an annual rental of one red Rose? 

No other Rose can be counted upon for this service so surely as the dear 
old favorite "Jack." 



ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 71 



For Beautifying Banks, Stumps, or Other 

Unsightly Objects 
The Wichuraianas are ideal cover-roses. They are remark- 
ably free from both insects and disease, with fohage clean, 
bright, and shiny the entire year. 

The single-flowered sorts bear bright berries, which the 
birds hke. Enterprising railroad companies use these to hold 
embankments in place; they also add to the roadside beauty. 
One plant will easily cover 6 square feet of ground. 

Page 

Alberic Barbier. Shiny foliage; creamy white 43 

Gardenia (Hardy Marechal Niel). Yellow 48 

Universal Favorite (Double Pink Memorial) 115 

Wichuraiana. Single. White 62 

Most of the Wichuraianas are also well suited for cover- 
ing purposes. 




Here is a beautiful hint, easily and cheaply adopted by anyone whose 
fences are bare. See varieties mentioned above 



72 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

For Screen Planting and Borders, or Beautifying 
the Unsightly 

Almost every lawn might be improved, if some uncomely 
object or portion in the rear were screened from view. The 
right kind of roses will do it, and give you something beauti- 
ful instead. There are two ways to do it: (i) put up a trellis 
and train over it the roses named in the above section; or 
(2) if it be a low screen, you need only to plant the tall, 
erect-growing Rugosa roses. And if you want a luxuriant 
growth, dig the ground deeply and give these roses plenty 
of rich nourishment. 

Page Page 

Birdie BIye. Pink 44 Hugonis 109 

Conrad F. Meyer. Silvery pink 46 May Queen 56 

Christine Wright. Pink . ... 46 Ruby Queen. Ruby-red . . .115 

Harison's Yellow 49 Sir Thomas Lipton. White.. . 6i 

These eight varieties, if set in one group, should be placed 
at least 2 to 3 feet apart. 

Wonderfully pleasing effects may be obtained for screen- 
ing out undesirable objects or views by the erection of trellis 
formations. These may be made of various designs and 
materials; but, for roses, wood seems to be preferred. Over 
these train the roses recommended on pages 68 and 69. 




ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 73 




The Tree roses in the Bagatelle Gardens in Paris are much larger than 
are customarily seen in American gardens. Some of these are 12 feet high, 
having been budded with Wichuraianas that weep to the ground. 



Standard or Tree Roses 
Tree roses occupy very little ground space and are quite 
imposing when planted among shrubbery or perennials. If 
you arrange them along the sides of a walk they produce an 
avenue effect (see page 13). A fine effect is produced by 
planting them among or back of a collection of bush roses, 
thus making a two-storied rose-bed, as it were. 

It pays to have these come to you while dormant. 
(H.P.) 



Frau Karl Druschki. 

Snow-white. 
Etoile de France. (H.T.) Good 

red. 
Paul Neyron. (H.P.) Immense; 

rich pink. 
Ulrich Brunner. (H.P.) Crimson- 

Jonkheer J. L. Mock. (H.T.) 
Imperial pink. 



Gruss an Teplitz. (H.T.) Often 
called the "reddest of red 
roses;" fragrant and free- 
blooming. 

Mme. Caroline Testout. (H.T.) 
Clear cherry-red. 

Mrs. Aaron Ward. (H.T.) Rich 
yellow. 

Pharisaer. (H.T.) Rosy white. 



74 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Rose Hedges 

These boundary markers are certainly coming to be more 
and more popular as people learn about the splendid quali- 
ties of the Rugosa roses, Sweetbriars, or Altaica for this pur- 
pose. They are not neat, compact, and uniform in growth 
as is a hedge of Cahfornia Privet, but the thick, bushy mass 
of glossy, crinkled foHage, especially of the Rugosa, gives 
a particularly fine appearance. They are perfectly hardy in 
the coldest winters and are more valuable because the foli- 
age is not troubled with either insects or disease. 

In warmer countries, or even in our own latitude, a single 
row of a free-flowering, erect, bushy rose is sure to be pretty 
and very satisfactory where one wishes simply to mark a 
boundary, as, for example, between the vegetable- and flower- 
garden. For this purpose, Gruss an Aachen, (see page 49) is 
exceflent. The small-flowered Polyanthas are also popular, 
especially Baby Rambler, Marie Pavie, and Baby Dorothy. 
The list could readily be extended, and each one would be well 
worth planting. (See list of Polyanthas.) 




Hybrid Wichuraianas, if given some support, make an excellent hedge 



ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 



15 



Roses for the Cemetery 

For some cemeteries we recommend roses that almost care 
for themselves — the Wichuraiana type. They creep like ivy 
and make a mat of shiny fohage which is green for eleven 
months. 

Next to these, we hke the dwarf, compact-growing, free- 
flowering Polyanthas, especially the White Baby Rambler, 
Gruss an Aachen, Marie Pavie, and Echo. If you can care 
for bush roses, select from the "Best Yet" sets, according to 
locahty. If you want some of the sturdiest growers obtain- 
able, choose from this list: 

Page 

Sir Thomas Lipton. (H. Rug.) White 6 

Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P.) White 48 

Mme. Plantier. White 75 

Single Roses 

These are an interesting 
group in themselves and rep- 
resented in various classes. 
The single Irish roses are 
best among the Hybrid 
Teas. 

Irish Elegance (see cut) 
Irish Brightness 
Irish Fireflame 

The species are most 
interesting specimens, 
among which is Xan- 
thina. One of the 
largest flowered / 
of the subspecies '*^. 
is Altaica (see page 
109). 



For Edging Beds 

Polyanthas now off"er an 
assortment in nearly every 
color-class (pages 11 3- 114). 




76 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 





Mme. Abel Chatenay 



My Maryland 



For "Forcing" under Glass or for Indoor 
Winter Bloom 
These varieties are grown by professional florists in glass- 
houses where they can with nicety regulate the supply of 
heat and moisture, to produce the long-stemmed "beauties" 
seen in florists' wmdows. While a greenhouse or conserva- 
tory is a wonderful help, indeed essential for best results, 
some people have these same roses during the winter, bloom- 
ing beautifuHy in their homes by growing them where they 
have plenty of sunhght and air. A thing to remember is 
that coal gas is very injurious to plant hfe, therefore must 
be carefufly guarded against. They are: American Beauty, 
Hadley, Irish Fireflame, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, KiHarney, 
KiHarney BriHiant, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Lady Ahce 
Stanley, Lady Hiflingdon, Madison, Mme. Abel Chatenay, 
Mrs. Aaron Ward, Mrs. B. R. Cant, Mrs. Charles RusseH, 
Mrs. George Shawyer, My Maryland, OpheHa, Radiance, 
Rhea Reid, Richmond, Sunburst, WeHesIey, White KiHarney. 



EXPERT OPINIONS 77 

Selections for Special Sections of the 
United States of America 

Those of our readers who hve in the more thickly settled 
sections of our country will recognize, in the following, our 
dependence upon the modern scientific method of learning 
the "best roses" for certain locahties, i.e. the method of 
actually testing them. We have had the good fortune to 
visit personally and to know the rose experts in many sec- 
tions, and they severally have been so kind as to give us the 
benefit of their valuable experience, each in the form of a 
list of roses they have found to thrive. We stand back of 
these recommendations. Other lists which we offer of roses 
best adapted for various purposes are bound to prove help- 
ful as well as suggestive. (See pages 64 to 76.) 

For the Pacific Northwest 

Mr. J. A. Currey, of Portland, Oregon, sent us the follow- 
ing list as the result of a vote of representative amateur and 
professional growers in his part of the country, showing the 
best roses for various purposes: 

Twelve best roses Jor general cultivation 

Frau Karl Druschki Mme. Melanie Soupert 

Edward Mawley Alaman Cochet 

General MacArthur Miss Kate Moulton 

Gruss an Teplitz Mrs. John Laing 

Hugh Dickson Richmond 

Mme. Caroline Testout Ulrich Brunner 

Six best climbing or rambling roses 

American Pillar Mme. Caroline Testout, Climbing 

Dorothy Perkins. Tausendschon 

Mme. Alfred Carriere Wm. Allen Richardson 

Six best red roses Jor general cultivation 

Avoca J. B. Clark 

General MacArthur Richmond 

Hugh Dickson Ulrich Brunner 




CO C eo 



EXPERT OPINIONS 79 

Roses for the Pacific Northwest, continued 
Six best white roses for general cultivation 

British Queen Kaiserin Augusta Victoria 

Florence Pemberton Maman Cochet 

Frau Karl Druschki Mrs. Foley Hobbs 

Six best pink roses Jor general cultivation 

Belle Siebrecht Maman Cochet 

Lady Ashtown Miss Kate Moulton 

Mme. Caroline Testout Mrs. John Laing 

Six best yellow roses Jor general cultivation 

Joseph Hill Mme. Ravary 

Lady Hillingdon Mrs. Aaron Ward 

Mme. Melanie Soupert Sunburst 



For Minneapolis and Vicinity 

Mr. Theodore Wirth, now superintendent of the parks of 
Minneapolis, and formerly builder of the famous rose-garden 
of Ehzabeth Park, Hartford, Connecticut, recommends for 
his section of the country the following list of roses: 

Hybrid Perpetuals 

Anna de Diesbach Frau Karl Druschki 

Heinrich Schultheis Mme. Gabriel Luizet 

Mrs. John Laing Ulrich Brunner 

Paul Neyron Clio 

Captain Hayward Marshall P. Wilder 

Hugh Dickson General Jacqueminot 

Hybrid Teas 

Gruss an Teplitz Kaiserin Augusta Victoria 

Killarney, Pink and White Mme. Jules Grolez 

La France General MacArthur 

Caroline Testout Souvenir du President Carnot 

Mary, Countess of Ilchester Maman Cochet, White and Pink 



Climber Ramblers 

Tausendsc 
color on 
Wm. C. Egan Rosa setigera 



Crimson Rambler Tausendschon. See illustration in 

Goldfinch color on opposite page. 



8o 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Lady Alice Stanley 



Roses for Minneapolis and 
Vicinity, continued 

Polyanthas 

Mme. N. Levavasseur (Baby 

Rambler) 
Marie Pavie 
Mile. Cecile Brunner 
Clothilde Soupert 
Orleans 

Mme. Zelia Bourgeois 
Jessie 

Gloire de Polyantha 
Primula 

Climbing Wichuraianas 

Dorothy Perkins 

Hiawatha 

La Fiamma 

The Farquhar Rose 

Paradise 

Minnehaha 



For Central New York State 

Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D., President of the Syracuse 
(New York) Rose Society, recommends the following as the 
best collection of twenty-five Hybrid Teas and Teas for 
Syracuse and vicinity, considering hardiness, variety of color, 
vigor of growth, and freedom of bloom : 



Antoine Rivoire 
British Queen 
Chateau de CIos Vougeot 
Duchess of Wellington 
Florence Pemberton 
General MacArthur 
Gruss an Teplitz 
Killarney, Pink 
Killarney, White 
Konigin Carola 



Harry Kirk 
Lady Hillingdon 
Marie Van Houtte 



Hybrid Teas 



Lady Alice Stanley 

Lady Ashtown 

Laurent Carle 

Lyon Rose 

Mme. Melanie Soupert 

Mme. Segond Weber 

Miss Cynthia Forde 

Mrs. Aaron Ward 

Ophelia 

Sunburst 



Teas 



Mrs. B. R. Cant 
Wm. R. Smith 



EXPERT OPINIONS 



8: 



For Roslyn and Northwest Long Island 

Admiral Aaron Ward recommends the selection given 
below. It was based upon the following requirements: au- 
tumn blooms indispensable; weak growers barred; also 
plants of huge growth, Hke La Tosca or Gruss an TepHtz, 
except for use in mass effects; flowers to be full, no thinner 
than Pharisaer; chmbers not included. 





Pernetiana 


Constance 


Mme. Edouard Herriot 


Lyon Rose 


Willowmere 




Tea 


Mme. Antoine Mari 


Paula 


Mme. Jean Dupuy. 


Wm. R. Smith 


Marie Van Houtte 




Hybrid Perpetual Bourbon 


Frau Karl Druschki Souv. de la Malmaison 




Hybrid Tea 


Augustine Guinoisseau 


Mme. Leon Pain 


Amateur Teyssier 


Mme. Melanie Soupert 


Chateau de Clos Vougeot 


Mme. Ravary 


Dean Hole 


Mme. Segond Weber 


Duchess of Wellington 


Marquise de Sinety 


Earl of Warwick 


Mons. Joseph Hill 


General-Superior Arnold Janssen Mrs. Aaron Ward 


General MacArthur 


Mrs. Amy Hammond 


Geo. C. Waud 


Mrs. A. R. Waddell 


Gruss an Teplitz 


Mrs. C. Hunter 


Gustav Grunerwald 


Mrs. E. Powel 


Konigin Carola 


Mrs. George Shawyer 


Lady Alice Stanley 


Mrs. Harold Brocklebank 


Lady Ashtown 


Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt 


Lady Greenall 


Pharisaer 


Laurent Carle 


Prince de Bulgarie 


Lieut. Chaure 


Radiance 


Mabel Drew 


Souv. du Pres. Carnot 


Mme. Abel Chatenay 


St. Helena 


Mme. Jules Bouche 


Viscountess Folkestone 


Mme. Jules Grolez 





Note. — Frau Karl Druschki, Gruss an Teplitz, and Mrs. A. R. 
Waddell are too vigorous to be grown with the rest. Mrs. A. R. Wad- 
dell, Mme. Edouard Herriot and Mme. Melanie Soupert, are semi- 
double. 



82 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



-numms 










t ^^^ 


ip-^r.-'^?€ 


9BP9HB^IW^ " ' '^Ai^ 



Rose beds of one variety make a line eflect 



For Philadelphia and Vicinity 

Dr. Robert Huey, the eminent amateur whose success 
has been an inspiration to many others, and who is broadly 
recognized as an authority on garden roses, recommends 
the following varieties : 



Antoine Rivoire 

Betty 

Caroline Testout 

Mrs. MacKellar 

Duchess of Wellington 

Ellen Wilmott 

George C. Waud 

Jonkheer J. L. Mock 

Joseph Hill 

Killarney 

Lady Alice Stanley 

Lady Ashtown 

Laurent Carle 

Lyon 



Hybrid Teas 



Mabel Drew 

Mme. Edouard Herriot 

Mme. Hector Leuillot 

Mme. Jules Bouche 

Mme. Leon Pain 

Mrs. Aaron Ward 

Mrs. A. R. Waddell 

Mrs. Harold Brocklebank 

Pharisaer 

Prince de Bulgarie 

Robert Huey 

Viscountess Folkestone 

Willowmere 



EXPERT OPINIONS 



83 



Roses for Philadelphia and Vicinity, continued 



Frau Karl Druschki 
Ulrich Brunner 
Captain Hay ward 
Oscar Cordel 



Hybrid Perpetuals 

Baroness Rothschild 
Mrs. John Laing 
Mrs. George Dickson 
Susanne Marie Rodocanachi 



Tea Roses (Hardy) 

Hugo Roller 
Safrano 



Maman Cochet 
White Maman Cochet 
Harry Kirk 

Climbing and Pillar Roses 

Reine Marie Henriette Dorothy Perkins 

Excelsa Hiawatha 

Dr. W. Van Fleet Elisa Robichon 
Gardenia 

For Washington, D. G., and Points South 

Dr. W. Van Fleet was the hybridizer of many excellent 
roses, inchiding especially the hardy chmbers hke American 
Pillar, Dr. W. Van Fleet, Mary Lovett, and many others. He is 
now associated with the Department of Agriculture at Wash- 
ington, D. C, and gives us his opinion in the following Hsts: 



Pink 



Killarney, H.T. 
Mme. Abel Chatenay, H.T. 
Mme. Gabriel Luizet, H.P. 
Maman Cochet, T. 
Mrs. John Laing, H.P. 



Cardinal, H.T. 
Etoile de France, H.T. 
General MacArthur, H.T. 
Gruss an Teplitz, H.T. 

Frau Karl Druschki, H.P. 
Gloire Lyonnaise, H.P. 
Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, H.T 



My Maryland, H.T. 
Paul Neyron, H.P. 
Radiance, H.T. 
Wm, R. Smith, T. 

Red 

J. B. Clark, H.P. 
Richmond, H.T. 
Ulrich Brunner, H.P. 

White 

Killarney, White, H.T. 
White Maman Cochet, T. 



Yellow 



Etoile de Lyon, T. 
Lady Hillingdon, T. 



Sunburst, H. T. 



84 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



For the South Atlantic and Gulf States 

Some people are said to have been born with silver spoons 
in their mouths, and correspondingly the young man who 
recommends the following list, as proven among the choice 
"doers" for North CaroHna and the South, might be said to 
have been **born with a rose in his buttonhole." He was able 
as a schoolboy, to identify almost any rose by its fohage alone. 
After several years in the South, with his excellent powers of 
observation, we feel that he is well qualified to judge of the 
roses that can be definitely depended upon for locahties 
corresponding to the west-central part of North CaroHna. 



Climbers 



Gruss an Teplitz, Climbing 
Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Climb 

ing 
Killarney, Climbing 
Mme. Eugene Marlitt 

Bush 



Maman Cochet, Climbing 
Marechal Niel 
Reine Marie Henriette 
Souv. of Wootton, Climbing 



Alexander Hill Gray 
Duchesse de Brabant 
General MacArthur 
Gruss an Aachen 
Jonkheer J. L. Mock 
La Tosca 
Mme. Melanie Soupert 

Note. — Practically all the vigorous-growing Bengals, Noisettes, 
Teas, and Hybrid Teas are good for the South. — Editor. 



Maman Cochet 

Maman Cochet, White 

Mrs. B. R. Cant 

Radiance 

Wellesley 

Wm. R. Smith 



te-"*v-5 



■^b ^"* 



m"^ 



l-rf 



EXPERT OPINIONS 85 

For Chicago and the North 

By W. C. EGAN 

Editor's Note. — People who live in the cold Northwest may 
think it useless to attempt growing roses, but, as Dr. Bailey says, 
"the success of the rose in this country is very largely a question of 
the selection of adaptable varieties." The Lake Forest section, on the 
west shore of Lake Michigan and north of Chicago, is typical of a 
large area to the north and west. In this section there is no one 
better able to speak from broad experience than W. C. Egan, the 
eminent horticulturist of Highland Park. In response to our request 
for a list of roses best suited to his cold country, he very generously 
sent us a contribution which, without further comment, we are 
most happy to present to our readers. 

While the section bordering Lake Michigan from Chicago 
northward, called the North Shore district, is not a rosarian's 
paradise, we can have roses from early June until frost. 
This we can accomplish with but little care, except in the 
case of the Hybrid Teas, which require proper attention. 
Given this, they flood us with a shower of bloom that makes 
them worthy of cultivation, even if we treat them as annuals, 
and plant fresh stock each year. "Expensive!" you say. 
Well, yes, to a certain extent; but so are bedding-plants, and 
babies, and automobiles; but the results in all cases are 
worth the money. Some spend money lavishly for winter 
decorations that fade in the night. The same amount, spent 
for Hybrid Teas planted out early in the spring, gives one 
pleasure all summer. They are easily cared for, if the instruc- 
tions given in this work are carried out. For those who pos- 
sess small grounds and have but Httle time to attend to them 
we have that poor man's blessing, the Rosa rugosa, and its 
hybrids. This Japanese rose does not know how to '*catch 
cold," and will stay longer with you and give far more pleas- 
ure than any poor relation. It blooms profusely in June and 
scatteringly all through summer, ripening its bright red, 
cherry-like berries during the late summer months. Its 
fohage is unusually fine and insect-proof. This feature alone 
should be highly appreciated, for the beauty of fohage is 
more than half the beauty of any plant. This rose was known 
to rosarians as early as 1845, but its beauty and hardiness 



86 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

and its value in hybridizing were not appreciated until some 
forty years afterward, when Mr. Robert C. S. Carmen, of 
New Jersey, and M. Georges Bruant of Poitiers, France, gave 
us the hybrids, Agnes Emily Carmen, and Mme. Georges 
Bruant. While the former was produced first, thus giving 
the honor of producing the first Rugosa hybrid to an Ameri- 
can, it was delayed in its propagation, and the French rose 
was the first on the market. In all of Mr. Carmen's experi- 
ments the Rugosa rose was the mother plant, and it is a 
singular fact that the Agnes Emily Carmen rose, bearing 
flowers having the color and scent of the General Jacque- 
minot rose, should have Harison's Yellow as the male 
parent. The success of these hybridizers caused others to 
enter the field, and we now have a host of good forms, all 
hardy and rehable. Where these hybrids possess some Tea 
blood, unusually cold winters may kill them back somewhat. 
The handsome Rugosa hybrid, Conrad F. Meyer, is some- 
times "cut back" in winter. This type and its hybrids are 
splendidly adapted for forming entire hedges or large groups, 
and may be depended upon for flower and fohage. 

The well-known dwarf rose, Hermosa, and the writer made 
their first appearance before the pubhc at about the same 
time, and the former has graced our gardens for seventy-five 
years. It is rehable and hardy with but Httle protection, and 
is one of the best bedders today. The same may be said of 
the Clothilde Soupert, one of the largest-flowered forms of 
the Polyantha class, introduced in 1884. In 1880, Veuve 
Ducher introduced the charming dwarf Polyantha, Mfle. 
Cecile Brunner, the queen of the so-called Fairy rose class, 
hardy with shght protection, and admirable for corsage bou- 
quets. Its miniature buds, so dehghtfuHy tinted, are ad- 
mired by afl, especiafly by the gentler sex. 

Who has not admired the Cherokee rose of the southern 
states, an escaped exotic, being the Chinese Rosa sinica, 
that has taken so kindly to the conditions off'ered as to 
thrive there on the waysides and fence corners? We of the 
North can have its counterpart, all except its evergreen 
foliage, in the extremely hardy Rosa spinosissima var. Altaica, 



88 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

from the Altai Mountains in Siberia. When in bloom, it is a 
charming sight in the purity of its single, pure white flowers. 
I cannot understand why this rose is scarce and hard to find, 
as in good soil it suckers rapidly and thus an increased stock 
is easily obtained. 

The old-fashioned Sweetbriar, with its heaven-born 
perfume, often winter-kills here, but I grow it in among some 
tail-growing barberries through w^hose branches the Briar 
thrusts its long canes. The barberry shades the Briar canes 
in winter and but httle loss occurs. 

I tri^d Lord Penzance hybrids and, much to my regret, 
could not carry them over winter, so the charming Lady 
Penzance was banished from "Egandale." 

The Persian Yellow and Harison's Yellow, as well as all 
the Mosses, are hardy here. 

All of the Baby Ramblers do w ell here, slightly protected, 
and are well fitted for borders of large rose-beds. /Ennchen 
Miiller is splendid; as a cut-flower, each well-grown truss is a 
bouquet in itself; and, the flowers being loosely arranged, give 
an airy elegance to the decoration. The color is good in day- 
light or electric, — a desirable quahty in any flow^er. 

Hybrid Perpetuals and those grown as such require winter- 
protection. Some stand this covered-up condition better 
than others. Here is a fist I gave in Bailey's '^Cyclopedia 
of American Horticulture" some years ago, and I would not 
change it now. Undoubtedly, there are many more that will 
do as well if tried, but there are enough hsted to create a 
garden for anyone. 

The winter of 1898- 1899 was the most severe in this sec- 
tion I ever experienced, and many trees and shrubs, con- 
sidered *'iron-cIad," were killed. The following is a hst of 
roses which wintered here under protection and which came 
out in good condition: 

Captain Christy Louis Van Houtte 

Captain Hayward Magna Charta 

Garden Favorite Mrs. Paul 

General Jacqueminot Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford 

John Hopper Paul Neyron 

La Rosiere Prince Camille de Rohan 



EXPERT OPINIONS 89 



The following eleven were in fair condition and recovered 
their form during the season : 

Alfred Colomb Mme. Gabriel Lulzet 

Anna de Diesbach Mme. Victor Verdier 

Baronne Provost Pierre Notting 

Countess of Oxford Prmce of Wales 

Eugene Furst Ulrich Brunner 

Lyonnaise 

This section, together with many in the northern states, 
suffered for the want of a suitable number of climbing roses 
that might be carried over the winter with an easily prepared 
protection, until the advent of the Crimson Rambler, which 
reached England from Japan in 1878. This was followed soon 
after by Rosa Wichuraiana and its hybrids. Up to this time 
we had to be content with Queen of the Prairie, Baltimore 
Belle, Russell's Cottage, and Multiflora rose Greville, or 
Seven Sisters. The first two were produced by Feast of 
Baltimore in 1843 by hybridizing that most excellent hardy 
Prairie rose, R. setigera, with some of the garden forms of the 
day. I have often wondered why hybridizers had not used 
this hardy semi-climbing rose more frequently in their work. 
About all the climbing roses, bearing a large percentage 
of Rugosa or Wichurai- / ana blood, are hardy with a 
slight protection in ^^W winter. Which is the best 
is merely a matter of^HHf choice. 





In Elizabeth Park Rose-garden, Hartford, Connecticut 



ROSE PROGRESS 91 

The Increasing Regard for Roses 

In his book, "The Cultivated Man," Charles W. Eliot 
says: "A brook, a hedge-row, or a garden is an inexhaustible 
teacher of wonder, reverence, and love." 

Another one of ''America's noblemen," G. A. Parker*, 
with exquisite feehng, thus portrays the possible influence of 
the rose on the hves of men, when, in telhng of the rose- 
garden at Ehzabeth Park, he says: 

**I have come to think of beauty as the love-letter of the 
Creator, through which He is wooing us unto Himself; for 
beauty is spiritual, and not physical. 

'*A love-letter is a message into which the sender puts a 
part of his very self, and the one who receives it, in some 
mysterious way, weaves it into a part of his very Hfe. It 
matters little what words are used or how the message is 
sent, providing it becomes a part of the sender and of the 
receiver. Surely the Creator uses a most beautiful form when 
He avails Himself of the roses to convey His message." 

Among the real rose-lovers now scattered widely over our 
great country, it is difficult to conceive of a finer loyalty than 
already exists toward the flower of their choice. Such devo- 
tion as theirs is bearing fruit. Better roses in their gardens 
are arousing more abundant admiration on the part of neigh- 
bors. This results in more ''recruits." Rose societies spring 
up here and there. The members help each other, and more 
and more each one comes to know the joy of growing one's 
own roses. This is just what has been going on in many sec- 
tions of our great country. The delights of rose-growing have 
been revealed to vastly increasing numbers of amateurs 
within the past few years. The "garden magazines" have 
helped. The "garden clubs" have been a prominent factor. 

There are, perhaps, half a dozen rose men lecturing! on this 
fascinating subject and forwarding the good work. AH have 
helped, and the combined eff"orts of these various agencies 
are beginning to bloom into activities of great promise. 

♦"American Rose Annual," 1916, pages 71, 72. 
t A list of these will be furnished on request. 



92 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

The American Rose Society 

Ten years ago, what we might call the hub of these vari- 
ous movements — the "American Rose Society" — was in no 
very prosperous state. Amateurs had almost no part in it. 
Little attention was given to outdoor roses or to rose-gardens. 
All that is changing. Happily local rose societies to the 
number of six have aheady become afFiHated with the 
parent society. The American Rose Society has this year 
issued, under the able editorship of J. Horace McFarland, a 
**Rose Annual," worthy to be compared with that of any 
other national Rose Society. We recommend it to the perusal 
of our readers. It is not a book of cuhural information, but 
rather treats of the present status of the rose in America, and 
of the current activities and accomphshments of amateurs 
and others within and without the American Rose Society 
(see Bibhography, page 105). 

The purpose of the American Rose Society is stated in 
the Constitution, as follows: 

1. To increase the general interest in the cultivation and improve 
the standard of excellence of the rose for all the people, 

2. To foster, stimulate, and increase the production, in every pos- 
sible way of improved varieties of the rose, suitable to our American 
climate and requ'rements. 

3. To organize a system of exhibitions at such times and places as 
this Society may, from time to time, decide on; to offer prizes of money, 
of gold, silver, and bronze medals, and certificates of merit, for meri- 
torious new varieties of roses; also to offer prizes of money, cups, etc., 
for excellence of exhibits made at shows held by the Society. 

It is also proposed that the Society disseminate to its members the 
latest information pertaining to the rose, recommending new varieties 
of undoubted merit; describing the best methods of culture, how to 
fight insect and fungoid pests, the proper use of manures; and giving 
other information from the pens of leading experts that will be worth 
many times the cost of membership, especially to amateurs. 

The Editor of this book for several years has been asso- 
ciated with the work of The American Rose Society and is 
warmly interested in its progress. He would feel very much 
pleased, therefore, if this little work might bring more rose- 
lovers into membership with it. Full information regarding 
fees and privileges will be cheerfully furnished upon appli- 
cation to Editor "How to Grow Roses," West Grove, Pa. 



ROSE PROGRESS 93 

Rose Test-Gardens 

But perhaps the most important step of all in the last 
few years for the American rose world is the establishment, 
in various geographical locations, of rose test-gardens: 

At Arlington Gardens, Washington, D. C, known as the 
National Rose Test-garden; under the care of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. 

At Ithaca, New York; under the care of the College of 
Agriculture of Cornell University. 

At Hartford, Connecticut; under the care of the authori- 
ties of Elizabeth Park. 

At Minneapolis, Minnesota; under the care of the authori- 
ties of Lyndale Park. 

To each of these gardens already have been sent, on an 
average, nearly four hundred varieties, and from one to two 
thousand roses, which this year will be ready for test and 
determination of kinds that may be recommended in each 
locality. Established thus under the care of permanently 
organized institutions and under the thoroughgoing care and 
attention of able specialists, there is promise of collecting 
most valuable information for amateur rose-growers living 
in climates corresponding to these spots. The guidance 
available from such tests is bound, we think, to prove a great 
boon in saving beginners, especially, from loss entailed by 
trying out unworthy sorts. 

The official scale of points heretofore used by the Amer- 
ican Rose Society for judging outdoor roses is as follows: 

Form 10 

Substance lO 

Fragrance lo 



Floriferousness 20 

Vigor 20 

Color 15 

Size 15 



100 

These tests should serve to center attention upon the 
need in America for more roses adapted to our varied climatic 
conditions, and thus encourage hybridizers to the work of 
developing our native species. 

Another of the noteworthy steps forward in the past few 
years is the awakening of city authorities to the possibilities 
and value of municipal rose-gardens. 



ROSE PROGRESS 95 

Municipal Rose-Gardens 

Hartford, Connecticut, was the pioneer for America; and 
she builded well. Starting in 1904, in Ehzabeth Park, there 
were laid out one and one-quarter acres. This the author 
visited first upon his return from a tour among the more 
prominent rose-gardens in England, Ireland, Holland, Ger- 
many, and France. While dehghted with the cultural suc- 
cess and magnificent show of varieties, there seemed in the 
ensemble much to be desired in the matter of treatment and 
arrangement. This will probably be true of most of the test- 
gardens referred to in the above section, because beauty of 
landscape effect is not the first thing sought for in a rose- 
garden made primarily for test purposes, although the more 
there is of grace and beauty, of charm and enchantment, by 
reason of the arrangement, of course, the better it is. 

But Hartford led the way, and nobly continues to render 
this nation, at least the northeastern part of it, a great ser- 
vice. She showed that even a httle pubhc rose-garden, well 
done, begets enthusiastic pubhc appreciation. Mr. G. A. 
Parker, Superintendent of Parks, of Hartford, reports 
116,000 people having visited this rose-garden in one year. 
There are in it three hundred different varieties of roses and 
about fifteen hundred separate plants, and the cost, both for 
construction and maintenance, in eleven years has been 
$0.0173 per visitor. But as for its influence upon, and value 
to, the people who have come to see it, no money estimates 
can be made. If any reader feels inclined to doubt this last 
statement, permit us to suggest that he submit his feehngs 
to the test of a visit. 

There are many American cities which have roses in their 
parks, and these cities are extending their plantings; but as 
yet only a limited number have definitely set apart, and 
regularly arranged for, a real rose-garden. 

If any of our readers have the opportunity to visit Port- 
land, Oregon, certainly one of the sights of that city of won- 
derful promise is the municipal rose-garden. It is larger, per- 
haps, than that of Hartford, — a sunken garden with rose- 



96 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Municipal Rose-garden, Cleveland, Ohio. One year old 

covered terraces; a fountain-centered system of walks and a 
large amount of growth; and, as nearly every rose-lover 
knows, a gratifyingly long season of bloom. It is, we believe, 
true of Portland, as of no other city, that the commercial 
men have long reahzed the value of the rose and its exploita- 
tion as an indirect, though very definite means of spreading, 
world-wide, the fame of that rose-favored corner of the 
earth. This is a reason why there is enthusiasm in Portland 
back of the conception to estabhsh in another part of the city 
another municipal rose-garden that shall outclass any other 
in America. And why should Portland not do so? The author 
would enjoy telhng his readers much more about the mag- 
nificent hedges of roses in Portland ; of the great annual rose- 
festivals, with electrical displays; of many different parades; 
of automobiles; of the Royal Rosarians and their Queen of the 
Roses with her attendants, — all doing homage to the rose. 

Last spring at Cleveland, Ohio, for the first time there 
appeared, on display, a most creditable municipal rose-gar- 
den, its success being due in large measure, doubtless, to the 
able hand of their superintendent of parks. No chmbing 



ROSE PROGRESS 



97 



roses surrounded it when the author enjoyed its rich June 
bloom in 191 5, but the varieties had been well chosen for 
that locaHty, and arranged in good taste. All were bush 
roses and were grouped in beds, with an arrangement of 
walks making the annually recurring display easily accessible 
to large numbers of people. Time and growth, with the good 
care it is sure to get, will furnish the softening and enriching 
effect that only age can supply. It is a splendid beginning, 
and such as one would expect of Cleveland. 

And so, in sequence, might be mentioned a few other 
cities whose activities along this hne have come to the 
attention of the author. 

Syracuse, New York, has now the beginning of a most 
creditable municipal rose-garden, the result of a demand 
made by the citizens, promoted by an energetic rose society 
and its indefatigable president, Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D. 
Long life to him ! 

And this spring (191 6) will doubtless see the beginning of a 
real rose-garden in the Bronx Park system of New York City. 
The New York Horti- 
cultural Society and affili- 
ated organizations have 
planned the establish- 
ment of a rose-planting 
that promises to rejoice 
the hearts of countless 
thousands of people. Let 
us all hope that it may 
be made easily accessible 
to those who most need 
the inspiration and pleas- 
ure which such a garden 
will be so well calculated 
to furnish. Compare with 
this of Paris the Muni- 
cipal Rose -Garden of 
Minneapolis, illustrated ,,. , „ ,..,••, 

g View m the Bagetelle Municipal 

page 2o. Rose-garden, Paris 




98 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 




Roses, roses everywhere 

A Famous Rose-Garden 

The most beautiful rose-garden I have yet found in either 
America or Europe was near Paris. Accompanied by Mrs. 
Pyle, I arrived at the Roseraie de L'Hay early one day, and 
we lingered there till sunset, enchanted. A 
permanent rose-garden with thousands 
of varieties, it includes roses said to 
have originated in the sixth 
century B.C. Roses from 
every continent are arranged 
and trained in all imaginable 
styles, from borders of Baby 
Ramblers to giant Tree 
roses, 15 feet high and 
10 feet spread. Tunnels 
completely covered with 
chmbing roses form 
outlooks through the gar- 
den, with here a bit of 
statuary, there a fountain 
flashing in the sunshine, 
with roses, roses every- 
Note this giant Tree rose where, from the broad- 




ROSERAIE DE UHAY 



99 




And here we lingered till sunset 

petaled, deep red Lion climber to the splendid M. Graver- 
eaux, named in honor of the owner of this magnificent 
garden. We strolled down the long, box-bordered pathways, 
with famihar faces among the roses looking up at us from beds 
at our feet, and climbers looking straight at us, 
and half-beckoning from either side, as we - ^^■ 

passed, until, spellbound, we stood and 
gazed down the long vista of color- 
covered beds, back-bordered with 
still other chmbers in bloom. 
And this is only one picture 
out of hundreds of such! 
What a love for the rose 
must have helped to 
fashion the quiet arbors 
and festooned balustrades, 
the archway entrances, 
artistic screens, and dis- 
appearing pathways, so 
well planned that every 
turn brought a fresh sur- 
prise, each one more 
entrancing than the 

other ! The Temple of Love 




mo HOW TO GROW ROSES 

Finally, so well hidden by an encircling temple of trees 
that we nearly missed it, was an open-air theater with turf 
seats, and along the front of the stage, for foothghts, was a 
brilliant row of blooming roses. There, amid this paradise, in 
charming French fashion, our host entertained his guests 
with a musical recital. Can you wonder, therefore, that invi- 
tations to this garden are cherished? — for one can enter by 
invitation only. Write us, reader, when you are nearing Paris, 
and let us give you our card to this patron of roses, Mons. 
Jules Gravereaux, honored by Emperors. 

[From notes and photographs taken by Robert Pyle, 
President of The Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., on 
the occasion when he represented the American Rose Society 
and acted as judge at the International Contest of Garden 
Roses at Bagatelle, Paris, June, 191 1.] 

The Red Rose Church at Manheim 

We know of no more unique ceremony in America than 
Manheim's "Feast of Roses." In 1750, Baron Heinrich Wil- 
helm Stiegel, coming from Germany, settled in Lancaster 
County, Pennsylvania, and founded the httle town of Man- 
heim. He prospered in business and later deeded to the 
Lutheran congregation (which he organized in 1769) a plot 
of ground for the erection of a house of worship with the 
following stipulation: ''yielding and paying therefor at the 
said town of Alanheimy in the month of June, yearly forever 
after, the rent of ONE RED ROSE, if the same shall be law- 
fully demanded.'' 

And now each year, with appropriate exercises, the con- 
gregation of the Manheim Lutheran Church pays to the heirs 
of Baron Stiegel the unique ground- rent of "one red rose," 
and each year recalls the memory of a man who, though 
*'dying in poverty, had yet left the noblest of all memorials, the 
love, reverence, and gratitude of a community whose industry 
he had stimulated, whose ideals he had fostered, for whose 
spiritual welfare he had made permanent provision.'* (Pub- 
lished with the permission of the pastor. Rev. A. E. Cooper.) 



ROSE TRINKETS loi 



Rose-Beads 

For the following formula the author is indebted to a 
good friend of his from New York State, whose experience in 
making rose-beads is far more extensive than his own. 

''Gather the petals of roses — even newly fallen ones will 
do — till you have, say, half a peck. Grind these through 
a meat-chopper till they become pulp. In order to have the 
beads jet-black when finished, place this pulp in an iron pan, 
or, lacking that, mix in a teaspoonful of ground copperas (ferri 
sulphas), and stir thoroughly; the mixture will soon become 
brown. Set it now in the sun or a warm oven till it gets black. 
After this, put all through the meat-chopper again till it 
becomes like putty, and then form the beads. They can be 
made any shape you like, — round, square, hexagonal, etc., — 
but form them twice the size you wish to have them when 
finished. RoIUng them into Kttle balls with the hand will 
make smooth beads. If you wish them figured, the butt- 
end of a steel writing-pen is a convenient tool, to be used, of 
course, when the beads are still soft. When properly formed, 
transfix them to a board with a pin, then keep them hot and 
dry, and in two or three days they will become small and 
hard, and may be strung through the hole left when the pin 
is removed." 

A European authority gives us a sHghtly diff"erent formula, 
and recommends using a mortar instead of the more prosaic 
and modern meat-chopper. 

*TreshIy gathered rose-petals are beaten into a pulp and 
then dried, but before becoming completely dry, rose-water is 
added and they are again beaten and dried, the operation 
being repeated till the pulp has become very smooth. Then 
the desired shape is given and they are perforated in order to 
thread them, and so a kind of bead is formed, which is dried. 
When they have become very hard, they are smoothed and 
polished, after which they are rubbed with oil-of-roses in 
order to give them more perfume and gloss. If a brass mortar 
be used, the pulp takes a deep black color, through the action 
on the metal of the gallic acid contained in the roses. On 



102 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

the other hand, if a marble mortar be used, blue and red and 
other colored beads can be manufactured according to the 
coloring materials employed. The black beads are most 
highly prized. They have been manufactured principally at 
Adrianople, Smyrna, and Constantinople." 

Attar of Roses 

The reader will notice on another page a short account of 
a visit made to that most beautiful rose-garden south of Paris, 
the Roseraie de L'Hay. Many chapters might be written 
of this little paradise about which clusters so much of inter- 
est to a rose-lover. But there is in that wonderful garden a 
quaint thatched "summer-house," as we in America might 
call it, rose-embowered. On the occasion of the author's 
visit, there was at work in the little cottage a white-aproned 
chemist with large-sized retort, test-tubes, spirit-lamps, and 
other appliances. The rose-petals which had been gathered 
in the garden were being reduced to essence or attar of roses. 
M. Gravereaux has improved the method of extracting the 
oils, and, furthermore, has proved by extensive experiments 
that certain perpetual-flowering roses, like Caroline Testout, 
and others, are capable of producing a much larger amount 
of the essence than the Damask and Centifolia roses here- 
tofore largely used. 

The method employed by M. Gravereaux is superior to 
that of the Bulgarians, Persians, and Algerians, whose 
apparatus is most primitive, as the following will indicate : 
The rose-petals must be distilled as they are picked, other- 
wise much of their odor will be lost. They are brought right 
to the stills, which are made of copper, and there mixed with 
only water, the quality of which is said considerably to in- 
fluence the essence distilled. After having twice boiled down 
the mixture to one-eighth or one-tenth its original volume, it 
is allowed to cool, and is set in open bowls at a constant 
temperature. Gradually the essence rises and swims on the 
surface in yellowish patches, which are skimmed off with a 
mother-of-pearl spoon. This operation, usually falling upon 




BRIDESMAID is most appropriately named, suggestive of 
what is best among the prettiest pink Tea Roses 



104 HOW TO GROW ROSES 

the eldest member of the family, is carried out with a 
solemnity befitting its importance. What this must mean to 
the peasants is better understood when we reahze how 
feather-hght rose-petals are, and that 150 pounds (2,400 
ounces) of them ordinarily yield less than one ounce of the 
essence of the rose. 

It is not to be marveled at, therefore, that it is expensive, 
not alone for the above reason, but also because of its impor- 
tance in the fabrication of the finest perfumes. It has, fur- 
thermore, the valuable quality of increasing and fixing other 
perfumes, just as the rose itself has the quality of develop- 
ing in those who work with it qualities of fine moral 
character. 

Hybridizing 

This book attempts in no way to cover the subject of 
hybridizing, save to refer to some sources of information re- 
garding a work that calls for long-sustained attention, and 
almost limitless patience, with no assurance as to results. 
Amateurs, as well as professional rose-growers, have made 
valuable contributions to our lists of roses, and certainly the 
future must offer more adequate recompense to the success- 
ful breeder of roses than has been the case in the past. 

Rev. Joseph H. Pemberton*, for the beginner, gives 
directions that appear to be easily followed by one who has 
the time and facihties to undertake the work. 

Every hybridizer will be interested also in the articles by 
Dr. White and Dr. Van Fleet in "The American Rose Annual" 
for 1916; also in the "Stammbuch der Edelrosen," by Dr. 
G. Kruger. The edition of this work, pubhshed in 1906, at 
Trier, Germany, contains a most complete fisting of the 
hybridized roses in commerce, including parentage, hybri- 
dizer, and date of issue. For example, under Caroline Tes- 
tout, are given fifty-eight immediate descendants, showing 
also the name of the other parent in all except nine cases. It 
would seem to be an invaluable work for anyone who wishes 
to undertake hybridizing. 

* "Roses," page 229 (see Bibliography). 



i 



FOR WINTER EVENINGS 105 



Bibliography 

Beginning with "The Rose Manual," by Robert Buist, in 
1884, there have been issued in America at least eighteen 
different works, the most noteworthy of which we hst below : 
The Rose. By H. B. Ellwanger. 1882. 293 pp. Dodd, Mead & Co., 

New York. This was long the standard rose book. 
A Book about Roses. By S. Reynolds Hole. 1883. 3^6 pp. Wm. S. 

Gottsberger, New York. An American reprint of a standard English 

work. Highly entertaining work on roses, and most inspiring. 
Roses and How to Grow Them. Collected magazine articles. 19 10. 

199 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. 
Commercial Rose-Culture. By Eber Holmes. 191 1. 165 pp. A. T. 

De la Mare Printing and Publishing Company, New York. 
Making a Rose-Garden. By H. H. Saylor. 19 12. 53 pp. McBride, 

Nast & Co., New York. 
EvERBLOOMiNG RosEs FOR THE OuTDooR Garden. By Georgia T. 

Drennan. 19 12. 262 pp. DufField & Co., New York. 
The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose-Growing. By George C. 
^ Thomas, Jr. 19 14. 156 pp. and 96 plates in color, etc. J. B. Lippin- 

cott Company. 
The American Rose Annual. 1916. Published by the J. Horace 

McFarland Company, Harrisburg, Pa., for The American Rose 

Society. Contributions upon roses, rose-growing and rose-gardens. 

Recounts the year's activities. Free to members, or may be had in 

paper binding from the publisher at 50 cents each, while they last. 

The following are all edited from the Enghsh standpoint: 

Roses: Their History, Development, and Cultivation. By Rev. 
Joseph H. Pemberton, Vice-President of the National Rose Society. 
1908. 336 pp. Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York. 

Roses and Rose-Growing. By Rose G. Kingsley. 1908. 163 pp., 28 
full-page color-plates. The Macmillan Company, New York and 
London. With special attention to the best roses in each of the various 
classes, regarded from the English viewpoint. 

Roses for English Gardens. By Gertrude Jekyll and Edward 
Mawley. 1902. 164 pp. George Newnes, Ltd., London. Although 
relating to English gardens, it is, nevertheless, most entertaining, and 
by its thoroughness helps to clear up many questions left unan- 
swered by other authorities. 

Rose-Growing Made Easy. By E. T. Cook. 200 pp. Another English 
publication, suggestive and helpful, and written apparently by one 
with long years of first-hand experience. 

The Rose Book. A complete guide for amateur rose-growers by H. H. 
Thomas. 1913. 283 pp. Profusely illustrated. Treats well the various 
uses to which roses may be put. 

For a list of rose books in all languages the "Cyclopedia 

of American Horticulture" refers us to the "Bibhografia de 

la Rosa," Vergara, Madrid, 1892. 



io6 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Synonymous Roses 
Some roses have acquired new names that seem to be an 
improvement; for example, Dutch Beauty in place of 
Veluwezoom. Another case is Mme. Norbert Levavasseur; 
when once planted and thoroughly domesticated, she 
answers to the name of Red Baby Rambler. But, if you 
wish to order Red Baby Rambler, remember there are nearly 
half a dozen roses so called; so, if you want to be certain, 
refer to the following hst for guidance. Renaming a rose 
with intent to deceive has come to be regarded by rosarians 
as a crime. When a second name is adopted for the sake of 
euphony, the original name should be carried in parentheses. 

Gloire de Paris 
Maman Levavasseur 
Maman Levavasseur 



Anna de Diesbach 
Baby Dorothy, Pink 
Baby Rambler, Pink 
Baby Rambler, Red 
Baby Rambler, White 
Baby Rambler, Yellow 
Baby Tausendschon 
Baby Tausendschon 

Ball of Snow 

Dorothy Dennison. . 
Dorothy Perkins . . 
Dorothy Perkins, Red 
Dutch Beauty ... 
Green Rose .... 
Killarney, Striped 
Killarney, Orange 
La France, Red . . 
La France, Striped . 
La France, White 
La Reine des Neige 
Magnolia Rose . . 
Maman Cochet, Yellow 
Maman Levavasseur 

Mignon 

Mrs. W. H. Cutbush 
Mrs. W. J. Grant 
Prima Donna . . . 
Prince Camille de Rohan 
Queen, The . . . 
Rambler, Golden 
Rambler, Pink 
Rambler, White 
Rambler, Yellow . 
Sweetheart . . . 
Thousand Beauties 
Virginia R. Coxe . 
White American Beauty 
Wm. R. Smith .... 
Wm. R. Smith . . 



H.P. 

P. 

P. . 

P. . 

P. . 

P. . 

P. . 

P. . 

H.P. 

W. . 

H.W. 

H.W. 

H.T. 

C. . 

H.T. 

H.T. 

H.T. 

H.T. 

H.T. 

H.P. 

T. . 

H.T. 

P. . 

P. . 

P. . 

H.T. 

H.T. 

H.P. 

T. . 

N. . 

Mult. 

Mult. 

Mult. 

P. . 

Mult. 

H.T. 

H.P. 

T. 

T. 



. Mme. Norbert Levavasseur 

. Katherine Zeimet 

. Etoile de Mai 

. Louise Walter 

. Echo 

. Perle des Blanches 

. Lady Godiva 

. Lady Gay 

. Excelsa 

. Veluwezoom 

. Viridiflora 

. Spectacular 

. Duchess of Wellington 

. Duchess of Albany 

. Mme. Angel Vayssett 

. Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau 

. Frau Karl Druschki 

. Devoniensis 

. Mme. Derepas-Matrat 

. Baby Dorothy 

. Cecile Brunner 

. Mrs. Taft 

. Belle Siebrecht 

. Mme. P. Euler 

. La Roseire 

. Souv. de S. A. Prince 

. Alister Stella Gray 

. Euphrosine 

. Thalia 

. Aglaia 

. Cecile Brunner 

. Tausendschon^ 

. Gruss an Teplitz 

, Frau Karl Druschki 

. Charles Dingee 

. Jeannette Heller 



N.B, — See also common names to rose species, foot of page 107. 



THE FAMILY ROSA 107 



Analysis of Species 

It is doubtful if anyone will have come thus far in this 
little book, who is not, with the author, a real seeker after 
truth. Just as the story of man becomes doubly interesting 
as we trace back his development from the earlier types of 
man, so with the rose. A present-day Radiance or Rayon 
d'Or is a vastly more fascinating object of attention when 
one can go to another corner of the garden and point out to 
visitors the true progenitor of that race. Hybridizing deserves 
a complete chapter of its own. Right here let us study what 
has been done by the guiding hand of man. Family charts are 
a useful aid in pointing out relationships. A diagram may be 
more illuminating than many pages of description. There- 
fore, as an introduction to the various best-known classes, 
pause a moment to survey* this analysis of species on the 
two following pages. This the author conceives to be a most 
helpful outline of the many, many families that make up 
this interesting race of flowers. 

In this book there has not been room to describe the rose 
species. We would, however, call special attention to cer- 
tain "types" which we have starred in the following list. 
Their place is not in a bed with the Teas or Hybrid Teas. 
Consider for example, Hugonis — that recent acquisition from 
China. In three seasons it will be 4 to 5 feet high and 
in bloom two weeks earlier than the early-blooming Harison's 
Yellow. And so with others: they are unique, hardy, 
vigorous. They need only to be fittingly placed to give to 
the garden a charm and distinction quite above the ordinary. 

*The following two pages are published here with permission and by 
courtesy of Longmans, Green & Co., New York., from their book, "Roses: 
Their History, Development, and Cultivation," by Rev. J. H. Pemberton 
(see page 105). 

The reader will note how far removed from the original species are both 
the Tea and Hybrid Tea families, whereas, from many species there has 
been almost no development at all. 

Equivalents of our common names to some of those on next pages: 

Champney .... Noisettiana Moss Muscosa 

Cherokee Laevigata Musk Moschata 

Dog Canina Prairie Setigera 

Eglantine Rubiginosa Scotch Spinosissima 

Memorial Wichuraiana Sweetbriar .... Rubiginosa 



Hybrid Tea 







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HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Roses Arranged in Classes 

In order that the various classes may be studied better 
as to their characteristics, we hereunder group the more 
important varieties. French, German, and English authori- 
ties differ somewhat in placing a few kinds. Regarding the 
following lists, however, they are in substantial agreement. 
In case of differences we have relied upon the country of 
origin as our authority, e.g., Harison's Yellow. 

Austrian Briary or Lutea 



Austrian Copper 
Austrian Yellow 



*Harison's Yellow 
*Persian Yellow 



Hybrid Austrian Briar, or Pernetiana 



"Beaute de Lyon 
"Constance 
Juliet 



*Louise Catherine 

Breslau 
*Mme. Edouard Herriot 



•"Muriel Dickson 
■■Rayon d'Or 
"Soleil d'Or 



Bengal 



Archduke Charles 
Douglas 



LucuIIus 

Maddalena Scalarandis 



Appoline 

*Beauty of Rosemawr 
Burbank 



Agrippina 
*Hermosa 



Bourbon 

*Champion of the World 
*Mme. Eugene Marlitt 



China 

Pink Daily 
"Queen's Scarlet 



Santa Rosa 
"Souv. de la Malmaison 



Viridifloraf 



Damask 



Mrs. O. C Orpen 



"York and Lancaster 



Alfred Colomb 
Alphonse Soupert 
American Beauty 
"Anna de Diesbachf 
Antoine Wintzer 



Hybrid Perpetual 

Ards Rover 
Ball of Snow 
Barbarossa 
Baroness Rothschild 
Baron de Bonstetten 



Belle d'Orleans 
*Cande_ur Lyonnaise 
Captain Christy 
Captain Hayward 
Charles Wagner 



REFERENCE MARKS EXPLAINED 
The asterisk ( *) indicates leading varieties described on pages 43 to 62. 
The dagger (f) indicates roses with two names and refers to list of syn- 
onymous roses. 



ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 1 1 1 



Hybrid Perpetual Roses, cont 
Cheshunt Hybrid *GIoire Lyonnaise 



*CIio 

Commander Jules 
Gravereaux 

Coquette des Alpes 

Coquette des Blanches 
*Coronation 

Eugene Furst 

Francois Levet 
*Frau Karl Druschkif 
*GeneraI Jacqueminot 

George Arends 

Giant of Battles 
*GIoire de Chedane 
Guinoisseau 

Gloire de Margottin 



Admiral Schley 

Admiral Ward 
*Antoine Rivoire 
*Arthur R. Goodwin 

Augustus Hartman 

Autumn Tints 

Belle Siebrecht 

Bessie Brown 

Betty 
*BriIIiant 

British Queen 

Camoens 

Cardinal 

Carine 

*Chateau de CIos 
Vougeot 

Cherry Page 

Cherry Ripe 

Chrissie MacKellar 

Cissie Easlea 

Cleveland 

Colleen 

Col. R. S. Williamson 

Comtesse Icy Hardegg 
*Countess Clanwilliam 

Countess of Derby 

Countess of Gosford 

Countess of 
Shaftesbury 

Dean Hole 

Defiance 

Dorothy Page-Roberts 

Dr. J. Campbell Hall 

Dr. O'Donel Brown 

Duchess of Albanyf 

Duchess of Sutherland 
*Duchess of 
Wellingtonf 

Duchess of 
Westminster 



Glory of Paris 

Heinrich Munch 
*Hugh Dickson 
*J. B. Clark 

John Hopper 

John Keynes 

Jubilee 

Lady Helen Stewart 

La Reine 

Mme. Charles Wood 

Mme. Masson 

Mile. Louise Crette 
*Magna Charta 

Marchioness of Lome 

Margaret Dickson 

Hybrid Tea 

Earl of Warwick 
*EcarIate 

Edgar M. Burnett 

Edith Part 

Edward Mawley 

Elizabeth Barnes 

Ethel Malcolm 
*EtoiIe de France 

Eugene BouIIet 

Florence E. Coulthwait 

Florence Forrester 
*FIorence Pemberton 

Francis Scott Key 

F. R. Patzer 
Frau Lila 

Rautenstraugh 
Gainsborough 

G. Amedee Hammond 
*GeneraI MacArthur 
*GeneraI-Superior 

Arnold Janssen 

George C. Waud 
*George Dickson 

Gorgeous 

Grace Molyneux 
*Gruss an Teplitzf 

Gustav Grunerwald 

Hadley 

Hector MacKenzie 

Helen Gould 

H. E. Richardson 
*Hoosier Beauty 

H. V. Machin 

Ideal 

lona Herdman 

Irish Beauty 
*Irish Elegance 

Irish Fireflame 

James Coey 

Janet 



inued 

Marshall P. Wilder 
*Mrs. John Laing 

Mrs. R. G. Sharman- 
Crawford 

Oakmont 

Paula Clegg 
*PauI Neyron 
*Prince Camille de 
Rohanf 

Rembrandt 
*Roger Lambelin 

Tom Wood 
*UIrich Brunner 

Vick's Caprice 

Victor Verdier 



*Jonkheer J. L. Mock 
*Joseph Hill 

Josephine 
*Kaiserin Augusta 

Victoria 
*KilIarney 
*KiIIarney Brilliant 

Killarney, White 

Killarney Queen 

King George V. 

Konigin Carola 
*Lady Alice Stanley 

Lady Greenall 
*Lady Mary Ward 

Lady Moyra Beauclerc 

Lady Pirrie 

Lady Ursula 
*La France t 
*La Tosca 
*Laurent Carle 

Leslie Holland 

Liberty 

Lieutenant Chaure 

Louise Lilia 
*Lyon Rose 

Mme. Abel Chatenay 

Mme. Bernier d'Arnex 
*Mme. Caroline Testout 
*Mme. Chas. Lutaud 

Mme. Colette Martinet 
(Mme. Derepas- 
Matrat) 
*Mme. Edmond 
Rostand 

Mme. Eugenie BouIIet 

Mme. Felix Faure 

Mme. Jenny Guillemot 

Mme. Jules Bouche 
*Mme. Jules Grolez 

Mme. J. W. Budde 




It is curious that this charming though extremely odd-looking variety 
should be so little known and less grown. It has scalloped petals of deep 
crimson, narrowly edged with white, reminding one of the Cross of the 
Legion of Honor. This Rose, ROGER LAMBELIN, is a rare and unique 
member of the Hardy Hybrid Perpetual family. 



ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 113 



*Mme. Leon Pain 
Mme. Maurice de Luze 

*Mnie. Melanie Soupert 
Mme. P. Euler 
Mme. Phillip Rivoire 

*Mme. Ravary 
Mme. Schwaller 

*Mme. Segond Weber 
Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau 
Mile. Helena Gambier 
Mile. Marie Mascurand 
Mabel Drew 
Magnafrano 
Mama Looymans 
Marcella 

*Margaret Dickson 

Hamill 
Mark Twain 
Marquise de Querhoent 

*Marquise de Sinety 

*Mary, Countess of II- 

chester 
Max Hesdorffer 
May Miller 
Meteor 
Mevrouw Dora Van 

Tets 
Milady 

*Miss Cynthia Forde 

*Mrs. Aaron Ward 
Mrs. A. E. Coxhead 
Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo 
Mrs. Amy Hammond 
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie 
Mrs, Archie Gray 

*Mrs. A. R. Waddell 
Mrs. Bertram T. 

Walker 
Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson 
Mrs. Chas. Hunter 

There are in this 
tested to recommend. 



Hybrid Tea Roses, continued 

Mrs. Chas. Russell President Vignet 

Mrs. Conway Jones 
Mrs. Cornwallis West 



Mrs. David Jardine 
Mrs, David McKee 
Mrs. Edward Powell 
Mrs. Forde 
Mrs. F. W. 

Vanderbilt 
Mrs. George Gordon 
Mrs. George Norwood 
Mrs. George Shawyer 
Mrs. Harold 

Brocklebank 
Mrs. Harvey Thomas 
Mrs. Hugh Dickson 
Mrs. J. H. Welsh 
Mrs. MacKellar 
Mrs. Maynard Sinton 
Mrs. Moorefield Storey 
Mrs. R. D. McCIure 
Mrs. Richard Draper 
Mrs. Robert Garrett 
Mrs. Sam Ross 
Mrs. T. Hillas 
Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt 

*Mrs. Wakefield Chris- 
tie-Miller 
Mrs. Wemyss Quin 

*My Maryland 
Natalie Bottner 
Neervelt 
Nerissa 
Old-Gold 
Oliva 

*OpheIia 
Panama 
Peerless 

Pernet's Triumph 
Pharisaer 



Prima Donnaf 

Prince Charles 
d'Arenburg 

Prince of Bulgaria 

Princess Bonnie 

Queen Beatrice 

Queen Mary 
*Radiance 
*Rayon d'Or 

Red-Letter Day 

Reine Carola de Saxe 

Reine Marguerite 
d'ltalie 

Rene Robbins 

Renee Wilmart Urban 
*Rhea Reid 

Richmond 

Sea-Bird 

Souv. de E. Guillard 
*Souv. de Gustav Prat 

Souv. du Pres. Carnot 

Souv. of Wootton 

Spectacularf 
*Sunburst 
*Taft Rose 

Veluwezoomf 

Viscountess Enfield 

Virginia R. Coxef 

Walter Speed 

Waltham's Scarlet 

W. E. Lippiatt 

Wellesley 

West Grove 
*White Killarney 

William Cooper 
*Winiam Shean 
*Winowmere 

Winnie Davis 



list other promising varieties not yet sufficiently 



*BIanche Moreau 
Blanche Roberts 
Caroline Marneis 
Comtesse de Murinais 



i^nnchen Miiller 
*Baby Dorothy f 

Baby Ramblerf 

Betsy Van Nes 
*MIle. Cecile Brunner 

Clothilde Soupert 

Echo 



Moss 

*Crested Moss 
Crimson Globe 
Eugene de Savoi 

*GIory of Mosses 

Polyantha 

*EIIen Poulsen 
*Erna TeschendorfF 

Etoile de Mai 

George Elger 

Goldfinch 
*Gruss an Aachen 

Katherine Zeimet 



*Henry Martin 

Mousseline 
*Princess Adelaide 

Salet 



*Leonie Lamesch 
*Louise Walter t 
*Mme. Norbert Leva- 

vasseurf 
*Maman Levavasseurf 
*Marie Pavie 
Mignonf 



114 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Mignonette 

Miniature 

Mosella, T.P. 

Mrs. W. H. Cutbushf 

Mme. Jules Gouchault 



Polyantha Roses, 

Mrs. Taftt 
*OrIeans 
Perle d'Or 

Sweetheartt 
*Tip-Top 



continued 



Triomphe d'Orleans 
White Soupert 
Yellow Soupert 
Yvonne Rabier 



Agnes Emily Carmen 
Alice Aldrich 
Amelia Gravereaux 
Beaute Poitevine 
*BIanche Double de 

Coubert 
Chas. F. Worth 
*Conrad Ferdinand 
Meyer 



Rugosa 

Hansa 

Mme. Chas. Frederick 
Worth 

Magnifica 
*New Century 

Nova Zembia 

Regina Badet 

Repens alba 
*Roseraie de L'Hay 



Roseraie Parfum de L' 

Hay 
Rosa Tetankaba 
*Rugosa alba 
"Rugosa rubra ^ 
"Sir Thomas Lipton 
(White Century) 
Souv. de Pierre 
Leperdrieux 



Ada Carmody 
*AIexander Hill Gray 

Alliance Franco-Russe 

Anna Oliver 

Aurora 

Beaute Inconstante 

Betty Berkeley 

Blumenschmidt 

Bon Silene 

Bride 
*Bridesmaid 

Canadian Belle 

Catherine Mermet 

Comtesse Riza du Pare 

Comtesse Sophy Torby 

Coquette de Lyon 

Corallina 

Corinna 

Cornelia Cook 

David Pradel 
*Devoniensist 

Dr. Grill 
*Duchesse de Brabant 

Enchantress 
*EtoiIe de Lyon 

Fr. von Marschall 

General R. E. Lee 

G. Nabonnand 

Golden Gate 
*Harry Kirk 
*HeIen Good 

Henry M. Stanley 
*Hugo Roller 

Isabella Sprunt 

Ivory 



Tea 

J. B. Varonne 

Konigin Wilhelmina 
*Lady Hillingdon 

Lady Plymouth 

Lady Roberts 

Lena 

Letty Coles 

Mme. Antoine Mari 
*Mme. Camilla 

Mme. Caroline Kuster 

Mme. C. P. Strassheim 

Mme.Derepas-Matratf 

Mme. de Vatrey 

Mme. de Watteville 

Mme. Elie Lambert 

Mme, F. Kruger 

Mme. Hoste 

Mme. Jean Dupuy 

Mme. Jos. Schwartz 

Mme. Lambard 

Mme. Margottin 

Mme. Olga 

Mme. Rene Gerard 

Mme. Vermorel 

Mme. Welche 

Mile, J. Phillips 
*Madison 
*Maman Cochetf 
*Maman Cochet, White 
*Marie Guillot 

Marie Lambert 
*Marie Van Houtte 

Marion Dingee 

Medea 

Bengal Climber 

Empress of China 



*Miss Alice de 
Rothschild 
*MoIIy S. Crawford 
*Mrs. B. R. Cant 

Mrs. Campbell Hall 

Mrs. Foley Hobbs 

Mrs. Herbert 

Hawksworth 
*Mrs. Herbert Stevens 

Mrs. Hubert Taylor 

Mrs. Myles Kennedy 

Mrs._ S. T. Wright 

Muriel Grahame 

Nita Weldon 

Papa Gontier 
*PerIe des Jardins 

Perle des Jaunes 

Princess HohenzoIIern 

Princess de Sagan 

Queen Olga of Greece 

Queen, Thef 

Rainbow 

Rose d'Evian 
*Safrano 

Sombrieul 

Souv. de Catherine 
Guillot 
*Souv. de Pierre 
Notting 

Sulphurea 
*Sunrise 

Sunset 

White Maman Cochet 
*Wm. R. Smith t 

Winter Gem 



ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 



Belle Siebrecht 
Carmine Pillar (Paul's) 
*Gruss an Teplitz, 

Climbing 
Kaiserin Augusta 

Victoria, Climbing 
Killarney, Climbing 



Climbing Hybrid Teas 

Killarney, White, 

Climbing 
La France, Pink, 

Climbing 
Mme.CaroIine Testout, 

Climbing 
Mme. Wagram 



Meteor, Climbing 
My Maryland, 

Climbing 
Reine Marie Henriette, 

Climbing 
Souv. of Wootton, 

Climbing 



Climbing Moss 

Cumberland Belle Wichmoss 



Aglaia 

*American Pillar 
*Birdie Blye 

Flower of Fairfield 

Geisha 



♦Alister Stella Grayf 
Bridesmaid, Climbing 
Chromatellat 
Cloth of Goldt 



Cecile Brunner, 
Climbing 



Multiflora 

Miss Messman 
Mosella, Chmbing 
*PhiIadeIphia Rambler 
Psyche 
Rambler, Crimson 

Noisette 

Lamarque 

Mme. Alfred Carriere 
*MarechaI Niel 

Climbing Polyantha 

Clothilde Soupert, 
Climbing 



Ramblers t 
*Tausendsch6nt 
Thalia 
Trier 
Wartburg 



Reve d'Or 
Solfaterre 
*Wm. Allen Richardson 



Frau Berta Guertler, 
Climbing 



Sweetbriar 



*Amy Robsart 
*Anne of Geierstein 



*Lady Penzance 
*Sweetbriar, Common 



Devoniensis, Climbing 
Gloire de Dijon 
Isabella Gray 
James Sprunt 



Climbing Tea 

Mme. Driout 
Mme. Jules Gravereaux 
Maman Cochet, Pink, 
Climbing 



Maman Cochet, White, 

Climbing 
Perle des Jardins, 

Climbing 
Pillar of Gold 



Alba rubrifolia 
*AIberic Barbier 
*American Beauty, 
Climbing 

Aviator Bleriot 

Cassimer MouIIe 
*Christine Wright 
*Coronation 

Daybreak 

Debutante 

Dorothy Dennisonf 
*Dorothy Perkinsf 
*Dorothy Perkins, 

White 
*Dorothy Perkins, 

Redt 
*Dr. W. Van Fleet 



Wichuraiana and Hybrids 

Dr. W. Van Fleet, Mrs. M. H. Walsh 

White 



Evangeline 

Evergreen Gem 
*ExceIsa 

Farquhar 
*Gardenia 
*Hiawatha 

Jersey Beauty 

Juanita 

Lady Duncan 

Lady Gayf 

Longwood 

Manda's Triumph 
*Mary Lovettf 
*May Queen 

Minnehaha 



Pearl Queen 

Prof. C. S. Sargent 

Robert Craig 

Ruby Queen 

Shower of Gold 
*SiIver Moon 

Sodenia 

South Orange 
Perfection 

Sweetheart 

Universal Favorite 

W. C. Egan 
*Wichmoss 
*Wichuraiana 

Wichuariana 
variegata 



ii6 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Ind 



ex 



Acicularis, 109. 

Ada Carmody, 114. 

Admiral Aaron Ward, 81. 

Admiral Aaron Ward Rose 
III. 

Admiral Schley, 1 1 1 . 

jEnnchen MuIIer, 113. 

Aglaia, 108, 115. 

Agnes Emily Carmen, 1 14. 

Agrippina, no. 

Alba, 108. 

Alba rubrifolia, 115. 

Alberic Barbier, 43. 

Alexander Hill Gray, 43. 

Alfred Colomb, no. 

Alice Aldrich, 114. 

Alister Stella Gray 
(Golden Rambler), 43. 

Alliance Franco-Russe, 114. 

Alphonse Soupert, no. 

Alpina, log. 

Altaica, 109. 

Altitude, Consideration of, 
6. 

Americana, 109. 

Amelia Gravereaux, 114. 

American Beauty (Mme. 
Ferd. Jamin), no. 

American Beauty, Climb- 
ing, 43. 

American Pillar, 44. 

American Rose Society, 92. 

Amy Robsart, 44. 

Analysis of Species, 107- 
109. 

Anna de Diesbach, 44. 

Anna Oliver, 114. 

Anneof Geierstein, 44. 

Antoine Riyoire, 44. 

Antoine Wintzer, iio. 

Aphides or green-fly. 
How and when to des- 
troy, 6, 30. 

Appoline, no. 

Archduke Charles, no. 

Ards Rover, no. 

Arsenate of lead. How to 
use, 6. 

Arthur R. Goodwin, 44. 

Arvensis, 108. 

Ashes, Use of Coal, 6. 

Attar of Roses, 102. 

Avenue effect with roses, 
13- 

Augustus Hartman, in. 

Aurora, 114. 

Austrian Copper, 109, no. 

Austrian Yellow, 109, no. 

Autumn Tints, in. 

Aviator Bleriot, 115. 

Ayrshire, 108. 

Baby Dorothy (Maman 
Levavasseur), 44, 106. 

Baby Rambler, Crimson 
(Mme. Norbert Leva- 
vasseur), 44, 106. 



Baby Ramblers, 44, 106. 
Baby Tausendschon 

(Louise Walter), 106. 
Bailey, Prof. Liberty H., 

38. 
Ball of Snow, 106, no. 
Banksiae, 108. 
Banksia, 108. 
Barbarossa, no. 
Baron de Bonstetten, no. 
Baroness Rothschild, no. 
Beaute de Lyon, 44. 
Beaute Inconstante, 114. 
Beaute Poitevine, 114. 
Beauty of Rosemawr, 44. 
Beds, Rose, shape and 

size, 1 1 . 
Belle d'Orleans, no. 
Belle Siebrecht, in. 
Belle Siebrecht, Climbing, 

Berberifolia, 109. 
Bessie Brown, in. 
Betsy Van Nes, 113. 
Betty, III. 
Betty Berkeley, 114. 
Bibliography, 105. 
Birdie Blye, 44. 
Black-spot, 30. 
Blanc Double de Cou- 

bert, 44. 
Blanche Moreau, 44. 
Blanche Roberts, 113. 
Blumenschmidt, 114. 
Bone-dust, When to use, 

'7- . 
Bon Silene, 114. 
Books about roses, 105. 
Bourbons, 108. 
Bracteata, 109. 
Bracteatae, 109. 
Bride, 114. 
Bridesmaid, 44. 
Bridesmaid, Climbing, 115. 
Brilliant, 44. 
British Queen, in. 
Bruant, M. Georges, 86. 
Brunoni, 108. 
Budded roses, 36. 
Bi;d-rot, 30. 
Burbank, no. 
Burying roses for winter, 

27. 

Cabbage, 108. 

Calendar of operations, 

Camoens, in. 

Canadian Belle, 114. 

Candeur Lyonnaise, 44. 

Canina, 109. 

Canina roses for grafting, 

^36. 

Caninae, 109. 

Captain Christy, no. 

Captain Hay ward, no. 

Cardinal, in. 



Carine, in. 

Carmen, Robert C. S., 86. 
Carmine Pillar, 115. 
Carolina, 109. 
Carolinae, 109. 
Caroline Marneis, 113. 
Catherine Mermet, 114. 
Cassimer MouIIe, 115. 
Cecile Brunner, 44. 
Cecile Brunner, Climbing, 

Centifolia, 108. 

Champion of the World, 
46. 

Chapman, Mr., ornitholo- 
gist, 10. 

Charles Dingee, 106. 

Charles F. Worth, 114. 

Charles Wagner, no. 

Chateau de CIos Vougeot, 
46. 

Cherry Page, in. 

Cherry Ripe, in. 

Cheshunt Hybrid, in. 

Chinas, 108. 

Chrissie MacKellar, in. 

Christine Wright, 46. 

Cinnamomea, 109. 

Cissie Easlea, in. 

Classes of Roses, 39, iio- 

Cleveland, in. 

Clio, 46. 

Clothilde Soupert, 113. 

Clothilde Soupert, Climb- 
ing, 115. 

Colleen, in. 

Color plates, i, 12, 21, 32, 
40,45,51,58,63, 70, 78, 
87, 94, 103, 112, 1 17. 

Col. R. S. Williamson, in. 

Commander Jules Graver- 
eaux, III. 

Comtesse de Murinais, 1 1 3 

Comtesse Icy Hardegg, 
in. 

Comtesse Riza du Pare, 
114. 

Comtesse Sophy Torby, 
114. 

Conrad F. Meyer, 46, 109. 

Conserving moisture, 25. 

Constance, 46. 

Contents, table of, 2. 

Cooper, Rev. A. E., 100. 

Coquette des Alpes, i t ' . 

Coquette des Blanches, n i. 

Coquette de Lyon, 114. 

Corallina, 114. 

Corinna, 1 14. 

Cornelia Cook, 114. 

Coronation (H.P.), 46. 

Countess Clanwilliam, 46. 

Countess of Derby, in. 

Countess of Gosford, in. 

Countess of Shaftesbury, 
III. 




PINK BABY RAMBLER, or BABY DOROTHY, is a good repre- 
sentative of the Baby Rambler family, now available in an almost endless 
variety of colors, including white and all shades of pink and red. 

This is the dwarf-growing Polyantha Rose so popular now for edging 
and also for bedding. It is recommended for use in place of geraniums, 
because it is so hardy that it does not need to be replanted yearly. 



ii8 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Crested Moss, 47. 
Crimson Globe, 113. 
Crimson Rambler, 108, 

115. 
Cumberland Belle, 115. 
Currey, J. A., 77. 

Daily Mail (Mme. 

Edouard Herriot), 53. 
Damascena, 108. 
David Pradel, 114. 
Daybreak, 1 15. 
Dean Hole, 10, iii. 
Debutante, 1 15. 
Defiance, 1 1 1. 
De la GrifFerai, 108. 
Devoniensis, 47. 
Dr. Grill, 114. 
Distance apart for roses. 

Dr. j. Campbell Hall, 11 1. 
Dr. O'Donel Brown, 1 1 1 . 
Dr. W. Van Fleet, 47- 
Dr. W. Van Fleet, White, 

Dorothy Dennison, 106, 

115. 
Dorothy Page Roberts, 

III. 
Dorothy Perkins, 47, 106, 

108. 
Dorothy Perkins, Red, 

106. 
Dorothy Perkins, White, 

47. 
Douglas, TIC. 
Drainage, 10-14. 
Duchesse de Brabant. 47. 
Duchess of Albany, 1 1 1 . 
Duchess of Sutherland, 

III. 
Duchess of Wellington, 4-". 
Duchess of Westminster, 

III. 
Dundee Rambler, 108. 
Dutch Beauty, 106. 

Earl of Warwick, 1 1 1 . 
Ecae, 109. 
Ecarlate, 47. 
Echo, 1 13. 

Edgar M. Burnett, m. 
Edith Part, iii. 
Edward Mawlev, iii. 
Egan, W. C, 26, 85. 
Ellen Poulsen, 47. 
Eliot, Charles W., 91. 
Elizabeth Barnes, iii. 
Empress of China, 14. 
Enchantress, 114. 
Erna Teschendorff, 47. 
Ethel Malcolm, iii. 
Etoile de France, 48. 
Etoile de Lyon, 48. 
Etoile de Mai, 113. 
Eugene BouIIet, iii. 
Eugene de Savoi, 113. 
Eugene Furst, iii. 
Euphrosine, 106. 
Evangeline, 115, 



Evergreen Gem, 115. 

Excelsa, 48. 

Expert opinions, 77-91. 

Farquhar, 115. 
F. E. Coulthwaite, 1 1 1. 
Felicite et Perpetue, 108. 
Fertilizersof all kinds, 16. 
Florence Forrester, 1 1 1 . 
Florence Pemberton, 48. 
Flower of Fairfield, 115. 
Formal garden, illustrated. 

Four seasons, 108. 
Francois Levct, iii. 
Francis Scott Key, ill. 
Frau Berta Guertler, 115. 
Frau Karl Druschki, 48. 
Frau Lila Rautenstraugh, 

F. R.'Patzer, iii. 

Fr. von Marschall, 114. 
Fungoid troubles, 7. 

Gainsborough, 1 1 1 . 
Gallica, 108. 
Gallicae, 108. 

G. Amedee Hammond, 1 1 1 . 
Gardenia, 48. 

Geisha, 115. 

General Jacqueminot, 48. 

General MacArthur, 48. 

General R. E. Lee, 114. 

General-Superior Arnold- 
Janssen, 48. 

George Arends, ill. 

George C. Waud, iii. 

George Dickson, 48. 

George Elger, 113. 

Giant of Battles, iii. 

Giant Tree Rose, illustra- 
tion of, 98. 

Gloire de Chedane 
Guinoisseau, 49. 

Gloire de Dijon, 26. 

Gloire de Margottin, iii. 

Gloire Lyonnaise, 49. 

Glory of Mosses, 49. 

Gloire de Paris, 106. 

Glory of Paris, 1 1 1 . 

G. Nabonnand, 114. 

Goldfinch, 113. 

Golden Gate, 114. 

Golden Rambler (see Alis- 
ter Stella Gray) 

Golden rules, 29. 

Gorgeous, 1 1 1 . 

Grace Molyneux, 11 1. 

Grafted roses, 36. 

Grandiflora, 108. 

Gravereaux, M. Jules, 
24. 

Green-fly, Aphis or. How 
to destroy, 6, 30. 

Green Rose, 106. 

Gruss an Aachen, 49. 

Gruss an Teplitz, 49. 

Gruss an Teplitz, Climb- 
ing, 49. 

Gustav Grunerwald, 1 1 1 . 



Hadley, iii. 
Hansa, 1 14. 
Harisonii, 109. 
Harison's Yellow, 49. 
Harry Kirk, 49. 
Hector MacKenzie, 11 1. 
Heeling-in roses, 19. 
Heinrich Munch, iir. 
Helen Good, 49. 
Helen Gould, iii. 
H. E. Richardson, iii. 
Henri Martin, 49. 
Henry M. Stanley, 114. 
Hermosa, 49. 
Hiawatha, 49. 
Hibernica, 109. 
Hoosier Beauty, 50. 
Huey, Dr. Robert, 82. 
Hugh Dickson, 50. 
Hugonis, 109. 
Hugo Roller, 50. 
H. V. Machin, iii. 
Hybridizing, A few words 
about, 104. 

Ideal, III. 
Indica, 108. 
Indicae, 108. 
Indica odorata, 108. 
Indica sanguinea, 108. 
Insect enemies, 30. 
Involuta, 109. 
lona Herdman, iii. 
Irish Beauty, 1 1 1. 
Irish Elegance, 50. 
Irish Fireflame, iii. 
Isabella Sprunt, 114. 
Ivory, 114. 

J. B. Varonne, 114. 
James Coey, iii. 
Janet, 1 1 1. 
J. B. Clark, 50. 
Jeannette Heller, 106. 
Jersey Beauty, 109, 115. 
John Hopper, 1 1 1. 
John Keynes, iii. 
Jonkheer J. L. Mock, 50. 
Joseph Hill, 50. 
Josephine, 1 1 1. 
Juanita, 115. 
Jubilee, iii. 
Juliet, 50. 

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, 

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, 
Climbing, 1 15. 

Katherine Zeimet, 113. 

Killarneys, 50, 106. 

Killarney Brilliant, 50. 

Killarney Queen, iii. 

Killarney, Striped, 106. 

Killarney, Climbing, 115. 

Killarney, White, iii. 

Killarney, White, Climb- 
ing, 115. 

King George V., 1 1 1. 

Konigin Carola, iii. 

Konigin Wilhelmina, 114. 



INDEX 



119 



Labeling, 22, 23. 

Labels, copper, 22; zinc; 
celluloid, stake, garden- 
club, Mann, 23; Sim- 
plex, 24. 

Lady Alice Stanley, 50. 

Lady Duncan, 114. 

Lady Gay, 1 14- 

Lady Godiva, 106. 

Lady Greenall, 1 1 1 . 

Lady Helen Stewart, 1 1 1. 

Lady Hillingdon, 50. 

Lady Mary Ward, 50. 

Lady Moyra Beauclerc, 

Lady Penzance, 50. 

Lady Pirrie, 1 1 1 . 

Lady Plymouth, 114. 

Lady Roberts, 114. 

Lady Ursula, iii. 

La France, 50, 106. 

La France, Climbing, 115. 

La France, Red (Duchess 
of Albany), 106. 

La France, Striped, 106. 

La France, White (Augus- 
tine Guinoisseau), 106. 

Lamarque, 115. 

La Reine, iii. 

La Reine des Neige, 106. 

La Roseire, 106. 

La Tosca, 50. 

Laurent Carle, 52. 

Laevigata, 109. 

Laevigatae, 109. 

Lena, 114. 

Leonie Lambert, iii. 

Leonie Lamesch, 52. 

Leopoldine d'Orleans, 108. 

Leslie Holland, 1 1 1 . 

Letty Coles, 114- 

Liberty, 1 1 1 . 

Lieutenant Chaure, iii. 

Longwood, 1 14. 

Louise C. Breslau, 52. 

Louise Lilia, 1 1 1. 

Louise Walter, 52. 

Lucida, 109. 

LucuIIus, 1 10. 

Lutea, 109. 

Luteae, 109. 

Lyon Rose, 52. 

Macartney, 109. 
McFarland, J. Horace, 

92, 105. 
Macrantha, 109. 
Macrophylla, 109. 
Mme. Abel Chatenay, 1 1 1 . 
Mme. Alfred Carriere, 52. 
Mme. Angel Vayssett, 106. 
Mme. Antoine Mari, 114. 
Mme. Bernier d'Arnex, 

Mme. Camille, 52. 

Mme. Caroline Kuster, 

114. 
Mme. C. P. Strassheim, 1 1 4. 
Mme. Caroline Testout, 

52. 



Mme. Caroline Testout, 

Climbing, 115. 
Mme. Cnas. Frederick 

Worth, 114. 
Mme. Charles Lutaud, 52. 
Mme. Charles Wood, 1 1 1 . 
Mme. Colette Martinet, 

Mme. Derepas-Matrat, 

106, 114- 
Mme. de Vatrey, 1 14. 
Mme. de Watteville, 114. 
Mme. Driout, 1 15. 
Mme. Edmond Rostand, 

52. 
Mme. Edouard Herriot 

(Daily Mail Rose), 53. 
Mme. Elie Lambert, 114. 
Mme. Eugenie BouIIet, 

III. 
Mme. Eugene Marlitt, 

Mme. Felix Faure, 11 1. 
Mme. F. Kruger, 114. 
Mme. Georges Bruant, 

109. 
Mme. Hoste, 114. 
Mme. Jean Dupuy, 1 14. 
Mme. Jenny Guillemot, 

Mme. Jos. Schwartz, 114. 
Mme. Jules Bouche, 1 1 1. 
Mme. Jules Gouchault, 

114. 
Mme. Jules Gravereaux, 

115. 
Mme. Jules Grolez, 53. 
Mme. J. W. Budde, 11 1. 
Mme. Lambard, 114. 
Mme. Leon Pain, 53. 
Mme. Margottin, 114. 
Mme. Masson, 11 1. 
Mme. Maurice de Luzc, 

Mme. Melanie Soupert, 53. 

Mme. Norbert Levavas- 
seur (Crimson Baby 
Rambler), 113. 

Mme. Olga, 11 4. 

Mme. Phillip Rivoire, 1 13. 

Mme. P. Euler, 113. 

Mme. Plantier, 75. 

Mme. Ravary, 53. 

Mme. Rene Gerard, 114. 

Mme. Segond Weber, 53. 

Mme. Vermorel, 114. 

Mme. Wagram, 115. 

Mme. Welche, 114. _ 

Mile. Augustine Guinois- 
seau, 113. 

Mile. Helena Gambier, 

MHefj. Phillips, 114. 
Mile. Louise Crete, in. 
Mile, Marie Mascurand, 

Mabel Drew, 113. 
Madison, 53. 
Maddalena Scalarandis, 
no. 



Magna Charta, 53. 
Magnafrano, 113. 
Magnifica, 114. 
Magnolia Rose, 106. 
Maiden's Blush, 108. 
Mama Looymans, 113. 
Maman Cochet, Pink, 53. 
Marnan Cochet, Pink, 

Climbing, 53. 
Maman Cochet, White, 56. 
Marrian Cochet, White, 

Climbing, 1 15. 
Maman Cochet, Yellow, 

106. 
Maman Levavasseur 

(Baby Dorothy), 106, 

Manda's Triumph, 114. 

Manetti, 108. 

Manetti roses for grafting, 

36. 
Manure, liquid. When to 

apply, 16. 
Map of U. S. A., 18. 
Marcella, 113. 
Marchioness of Lome, in. 
Marechal Niel, 56. 
Margaret Dickson, iii. 
Margaret Dickson Hamill, 

56. 
Marie Guillot, 56. 
Marie Lambert, 114. 
Marie Leonidas, io8. 
Marie Pavie, 56. 
Marie Van Houtte, 56. 
Marion Dingee, 114. 
Mark Twain, 113. 
Marquise de Querhoent, 

Marquise de Sinety, 56. 
Marshall P. Wilder, in. 
Mary, Countess of Ilches- 

ter, 56. 
Mary Lovett, 56. 
Mawley, Edward, 29. 
Max Hesdorffer, 113. 
May Miller, 113. 
May Queen, 56. 
Medea, 114. 
Meteor, 113. 
Meteor, Climbing, 115. 
Mice, How to guard 

against, 27. 
Microphylla, 109. 
Microphyllae, 109. 
Mignon, 106, 113. 
Mignonette, 114. 
Milady, 113. 
Mildew, How to remedy, 

6. 
Mills, Rev. E. M., 80-97. 
Miniature, 114- 
Minnehaha, 115. 
Minutifolia 109. 
Miss Alice de Rothschild, 

Miss Cynthia Forde, 57. 
Miss Messman, 115. 
Moisture, How to con- 
serve, 25. 



120 



HOW TO GROW ROSES 



Moles, How to guard 

against, 27. 
Molly Sharman-Crawford, 

Moschata, 108. 
Moschata alba, 108. 
Moscosa, 108. 
Mosella, 114- 
Mosella, Climbing, 115. 
Moss, 108. 
Mousseline, 1 13. 
Multiflora simplex, 108. 
Multifolise, log. 
Mrs. Aaron Ward, .57- 
Mrs. A. E. Coxhead, 113. 
Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo, 

"3- 

Mrs. Amy Hammond, 113. 
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, 

Mrs. Archie Gray, ii3- 
Mrs. A. R. Waddell, 57. 
Mrs. B. R. Cant, 57. 
Mrs. Bertram T. Walker, 

Mrs. Campbell Hall, 114. 
Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson, 

Mrs. Chas. Hunter, 113. 
Mrs. Charles Russell, 113. 
Mrs. Conway Jones, 113. 
Mrs. Cornwallis West, 

113. 
Mrs. David Jardine, 113. 
Mrs. David McKee, 113. 
Mrs. Edward Powell, 113. 
Mrs. Forde, 113. 
Mrs. Foley Hobbs, 114. 
Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt, 

Mrs. George Gordon, 113. 
Mrs. George Norwood, 

113- 
Mrs. George Shawyer, 113. 
Mrs. Harold Brocklebank, 

113- 
Mrs. Harvey Thomas, 

Mrs. H. Hawksworth, 114. 
Mrs. Herbert Stevens, 57. 
Mrs. Hubert Taylor, 114. 
Mrs. Hugh Dickson, 113. 
Mrs. John Laing, 57. 
Mrs. J. H. Welsh, 113. 
Mrs. MacKellar, 113. 
Mrs. Maynard Sinton, 

Mrs?M. H. Walsh, 115. 
Mrs. Moorefield Storey, 

Mrs. Myles Kennedy, 114. 

Mrs. O. G. Orpen, 1 10. 

Mrs. R. D. McCIure, 113. 

Mrs. Richard Draper, 
"3. 

Mrs. R. G. Sharman- 
Crawford, III. 

Mrs. Robert Garrett, 113. 

Mrs. Robert Peary, 115. 

Mrs. Sam Ross, 113. 



Mrs. S. T. Wright, 114. 

Mrs. Taft, 114. 

Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt, 

Mrs. T. Hillas, 113. 
Mrs. W. Christie Miller, 

Mrs.'W. H. Cutbush, 106, 
114. 

Mrs. Wemyss Quin, 113. 

Mrs. W. J. Grant, 106. 

Mulch, dust 6; grass, 
leaves, sawdust, peat- 
moss, 7, 25. 

Mulching, 25. 

Multiflora roses for graft- 
ing, 36. 

Municipal rose-gardens, 
95- 

Muriel Dickson, 57. 

Muriel Grahame, 114. 

Muscosa, 108. 

My Maryland, 50. 

My Maryland, Climbing, 
115. 

Natalie Bottner, 113. 
Neervelt, 113. 
Nerissa, 113. 
New Century, 59. 
Nita Weldon, 114. 
Noisettes, 108. 
Nova Zembla, 114. 

Oakmont, in. 
Old-Gold, 113. 
Oliva, 113. 
Ophelia, 59. 
Orleans, 59. 
Orpet, Mr., 26. 

Panama, 113. 

Papa Gontier, 114. 

Parker, G. A., 91, 95. 

Paula Glegg, in. 

Paul Neyron, 59. 

Paul's Carmine Pillar, 115. 

Pearl Queen, 115. 

Peerless, 113. 

Pemberton, Rev. J. H., 
105. 

Perle d'Or, 114. 

Perle des Jardins, 59. 

Perle des Jardins, Climb- 
ing, 115. 

Perle des Jaunes, 114. 

Pernet's Triumph, 113. 

Persian Yellow, 59, 109. 

Pharisaer, 113. 

Philadelphia Rambler, 59. 

Pillar of Gold. 115. 

Pimpinellifolise, 109. 

Pink Daily, no. 

Pink Memorial, Dbl, (Uni- 
versal Favorite), 115. 

Pissardii, 108. 

Plant-food, 7. 

Plant roses. When to, i^^. 

Plant roses. Depth to, 20. 



Planting roses, General 

rules on, 20. 
Platting, 24. 
Pomifera, 109. 
Powdery mildew, 30. 
President Vignet, 113. 
Prima Donna (Mme. P. 

Euler), 106, 113. 
Prince Camille de Rohan, 

59. 106. 
Prince Charles d'Aren- 

burg, 113. 
Prince of Bulgaria, 113. 
Princess Adelaide, 59. 
Princess Bonnie, 113. 
Princess de Sagan, 114. 
Princess Hohenzollern, 

114. 
Prof. C; S. Sargent, 115. 
Protection for winter, 26- 
T.29. . 

Protecting tree roses, 29. 
Provence, 108. 
Prune, When to, 6, 7. 
Pruning, information, 31- 

35-. 
Pruning-shears, 35. 
Psyche, 115. 
Pyle, Robert, 100. 

Queen Beatrice, 113. 
Queen Mary, 113. 
Queen Olga of Greece, 1 14. 
Queen's Scarlet, 59. 
Queen, The, 106, 114. 

Radiance, 60. 
Rainbow, 114. 
Rambler, Crimson, 115. 
Ramblers, 115. 
Rayon d'Or, 60. 
Red- Letter Day, 113. 
Red Rose Church at Man- 

heim, 100. 
Regina Badet, 114. 
Reine Carola de Saxe, 113. 
Reine Marguerite d'ltalie, 

1^3. 
Reine Marie Henriette, 

Rembrandt, in. 

Rene Robbins, 113. 

Renee Wilmart Urban, 1 13. 

Repens alba, 114. 

Reve d'Or, 115. 

Rhea Reid, 60. 

Richmond, 113. 

Robert Craig, 115. 

Roberts, Rev. F. Page, 14. 

Roger Lambelin, 60. 

Roosevelt, Ex-President 
Theodore, 10. 

Rose-beads, loi. 

Rose-beetle, Spray for, 6. 

Rose-bug, 30. 

Rose-chafer, 30. 

Rose-garden, The ama- 
teur's, 3. 

Rose-gardens, Famous, 27, 
97, 98-100, 



INDEX 



121 



Rose-gardens, Municipal, 
95-97- 

Rose hedges, 74. 

Rose nicotine for aphis, 6, 
30. 

Rose perfume, 102. 

Rose progress, 93, 97- 

Rose-slug, Spray for, 6, 30. 

Rose test-gardens, 93. 

Roses, Appropriate uses 
for, 41, 42. 

Roses, Attar of, loi. 

Roses, Cemetery, 75. 

Roses, Dependable varie- 
ties of, 43-62. 

Roses, Establishing ideals, 

Roses, Forcing, 76. 

Roses, How to arrange, 5. 

Roses, Various uses of, 
64-77. 

Roses, Where to plant, 9. 

Rose d'Evian, 114. 

Roseraie de L'Hay, 60. 

Roseraie de L'Hay Rose- 
garden, Partial descrip>- 
tion of, 98-100. 

Roseraie Parfum de L' 
Hay, 114. 

Rubiginosa, 109. 

Rubrifolia, 108. 

Ruby Queen, 115. 

Rugosa, 109. 

Rugosa alba, 60, 109. 

Rugosa rubra, 60, 109. 

Safrano, 60. 

Salet, 113. 

Santa Rosa, 110. 

Scissors, Pruning, 35. 

Sea-bird, 113. 

Selecting the right roses, 

37-41. 
Semperflorens, 108. 
Sempervirens, 108. 
Sericea, 109. 
Sericese, 109. 
Setigera, 108. 
Shears, Pruning, 35. 
Shower of Gold, 115. 
Silver Moon, 60. 
Siniplicifolise, 109. 
Sinica, 109. 

Sir Thornas Upton, 61. 
Smothering roses. About, 

27. 
Soap, Whale-oil, 30. 



Sodenia, 1 15. 

Soils, 14. 

Soleild'Or, 61. 

Solfaterre, 115. 

South Orange Perfection, 

115. 
Souv. de Catherine Guil- 

lot, 114. 
Souv. de E. Guillard, 113. 
Souv. de Gustav Prat, 61. 
Souv. de la Malmaison, 61. 
Souv. de Pierre Leper- 

drieux, 1 14. 
Souv. de P. Notting, 61. 
Souv. du President Carnot, 

^ "3- 

Souv. de S. A. Prince, 106. 
Souv. of Wootton, 113. 
Souv. of Wootton, Climb- 
ing, iM. 
Spectacular, 113. 
Spinosissima, 103. 
Spinosissimae, 109. 
Spray, When to, 6, 7. 
Standard roses, 13, 73. 
Staking, 22. 
Stylosa, 108. 
Stylosae, 108. 
Sulphurea, 109, 114. 
Sunburst, 61. 
Sunrise, 61. 
Sunset, 114. 
Synonymous roses, 106. 
Synstylse, 108. 
Sweetbriar, 61. 
Sweetheart, 106, T15. 

Taft Rose, 61. 
Tausendschon, 61. 
Tea-scented, 108. 
Temperature in different 

latitudes, 18. 
Temple of Love, 99. 
Test-gardens, 93. 
Thalia, 115. 
Thomas, George C, Jr., 

25. 
Thousand Beauties, 106. 
Tip-Top, 1 14- 
Tomentosa, 109. 
Tom Wood, III. 
Tree roots. Danger from, 

I ree roses, 13, 73. 
Trier, 1 15. 
Triomphe d'Orleans, 
114. 



Uhich Brunner, 62. 
Universal Favorite, 115. 

Van Fleet, Dr. W., 83. 
Varieties, Number of, 37. 
Veluwezoom, 1 13. 
Vick's Caprice, 1 1 1 . 
Victor Verdier, 1 1 i . 
Villosa, 109. 

Virginia R. Coxe, 106, 113. 
Viridiflora, 1 10. 
Viscountess Enfield, 113. 

Walter Speed, 113. 

Wahham's Scarlet, 113. 

Ward. Admiral Aaron, 81. 

War of the Roses, York 
and Lancaster Rose, as- 
sociated with the, 63. 

Wartburg, 115. 

W. C. Egan, 115. 

Weeds, How to keep down, 
25. 

W. E. Lippiatt, 113. 

Wellesley, 113. 

West Grove, 113. 

White American Beauty, 
(Frau Karl Druschki), 
196. 

White Killarney, 62. 

White Killarney, Climb- 
ing, 115. 

White Maman Cochet, $6. 

White Maman Cochet, 
Climbing, 115. 

White Soupert, 1 14. 

Wichmoss, 62. 

Wichuraiana, 62, 108. 

Wichuraiana variegata, 1 15. 

Wm. Allen Richardson, 62. 

Wm. Cooper, 113. 

Wm. R. Smith, 62. 

William Shean, 62. 

Willowmere, 62. 

Winnie Davis, 113. 

Winter Gem, 114. 

Winter-protection, 27-29 

Winter-protection, When 
to remove, 27. 

Wirth, Theodore, 29, 79. 

Xanthina, 109. 

Yellow Soupert, 114, 
York and Lancaster, 62, 

108. 
Yvonne Rabier, 114. 



J. Horace McFarland Co., Printers, Harrisburg, Pa. 



s 



LB S -20 



